重庆市若瑟堂天主教弥撒仪式音乐特征及其教育功能研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 08:54

【摘要】：天主教弥撒仪式音乐在重庆已经传承了上百年历史,但我国关于重庆天主教弥撒仪式音乐特征和教育的个案研究目前还比较缺乏。天主教作为世界五大宗教之一,不仅在西方哲学史上有着重要的地位,在艺术史和教育史上也占据着举足轻重的位置。首先,音乐作为天主教弥撒仪式中不可分割的一部分,在中世纪逐渐世俗化发展成为西方音乐的主流。其次,天主教向来重视教育,教会团体不仅教授基础文化知识、教义理论,也将音乐作为必修课之一。由此可见,天主教弥撒仪式音乐教育不但受到宗教团体的重视,在社会音乐教育体系中也占据了重要的地位,具有重要的研究价值和意义。重庆市若瑟堂作为天主教重庆教区主堂、重庆市天主教爱国会和教务委员会驻堂,其弥撒仪式程序的传统性和完整性得到了良好的传承。通过对重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐历时三年的田野考察,所得资料显示:重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐在仪式过程中是不可或缺的组成部分,并且基本判断其音乐风格具有多样性的特点,可能受到本土音乐的影响包含了巴蜀地方音乐因素。那么,重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐为重庆本地人广为接受并传唱并对重庆地区信众达到了怎样的教育功能,这是一个值得深入研究的问题。重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐是天主教仪式文化中的音乐、天主教信徒个人参与与天主教会组织形式的统一体。因此,对若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐的研究就应该从弥撒仪式的构成入手。通过对若瑟堂弥撒仪式过程的实况考察和对弥撒仪式音乐在仪式中的运用情况可见,重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐延续了早期天主教弥撒仪式音乐的作用,是弥撒仪式的必需组成要素,体现了圣歌在仪式中的服务作用,增加了仪式的庄严性,仪式和音乐是紧密结合的整体。弥撒仪式音乐所呈现出来的基本形态脱离不开弥撒仪式的结构,以服务于弥撒仪式的程序为宗旨。通过对重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐特征深入分析发现,该仪式音乐的主要特点为:节奏富有动感,多用简单节奏型;速度多用中速,接近朗诵语速;结构短小,根据经文的长短而定,乐句气息与经文吻合;曲调分为五声和七声两种,调式色彩单纯;旋法以级进为主,少用大跳,旋律流畅。总体看来,大多数圣歌的情调偏于质朴柔和、抒情的叙事性歌唱特征,依附于仪式中的经文而体现出天主教宗教音乐的特质。从曲调来看基本可以分为五声和七声两种,其表现出来的音乐风格也大致可以分为两类:一类是延续传统西方天主教弥撒曲的以教会调式为主的西方中古时期音乐风格;另一类是完全脱离西方天主教弥撒曲以中国五声调式为主的中国音乐风格。将两种不同类型的弥撒仪式音乐进行分类分析,第一类型为西方传统音乐风格的圣咏,包含了从最简单的吟诵式圣咏到精致而富于装饰的花唱式旋律。圣咏的中心是歌词,歌词和音乐之间的关系造就了这类型圣咏旋律发展最显著和最有启发性的特点,体现了西方传统教会音乐的风格特征,用微妙的色彩和流动的变化来推动音乐的发展和运动方式。第二类型是包含了巴蜀地方音乐元素的圣歌,呈现出本地音乐旋法、音域、调式和声腔特征。这类圣歌体现了中西文化之巧妙弥合,既包含格里高利圣咏之精髓,又融合了巴蜀音乐风格特征之精华。不仅如此,重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐中还采用了巴蜀民歌音乐元素,不仅含有巴蜀地方音腔,并且在旋律发展手法上包括重复、发展、变化等方面,融入了巴蜀民歌中普遍运用的“衬”和“鱼咬尾”,以此丰富作品结构和地方化色彩。这些要素的融合充分说明了重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐在创作过程中对本地地方音乐元素的偏爱。正因为这些因素的组成,重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐为重庆本地人广为接受并传唱。通过对重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐教学情况的实录,对重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐教学的施教人员、受教人员的非正式访谈及问卷调查,研究结果显示:不同音乐风格的圣歌对教友们产生了不同的心理体验。所采用的教学方法为以口耳相传为基础,以任务驱动为动力,以教学内容为启发,以教学现场为主体的综合教学方法。并且重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐采用重庆地方语言进行教学活动、运用汉字作为圣歌集“教材”编写。这些民族文化在弥撒仪式音乐教育中的融合,形成包含跨文化感知、集合感知传统、社会交际感知、跨学科感知、多层次感知五个维度的多元审美文化教育集成,体现出重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐教育最终成为重庆民族音乐教育的一部分。就重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐的教育功能而言,施教者在仪式音乐教学过程中生动的范唱,向受教者传递了圣歌的基本信息,或歌颂、或忏悔、或激昂,这些情绪都会让受教者真实的体验与感受圣歌的美,让受教者从整体上认识圣歌的含义。并且其教学程序紧紧围绕弥撒仪式这个主题、以弥撒仪式为目标,将受教者的信仰与参加弥撒仪式的能动性相结合,以达到所期望的教学目的。重庆市若瑟堂的天主教徒在弥撒仪式音乐学习过程中,把自己的肉体和灵魂通过歌声交付给天主,籍以希望洗脱今生的罪孽获得重生。诚然,仪式音乐将宗教性与艺术性完美结合,它是体验人类自身生命的丰富性和深刻性这种能力的主要途径。重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐正是通过神学对美的崇高追求,用直观视听感性认知引领信徒的审美意识达到“至善至美”的境界。因此,重庆市若瑟堂弥撒仪式音乐教育包含了人类从现实世界向理想世界的超越感,通过仪式音乐的体验使参与者感悟到生命的神圣,改变每个人的自我意识以致亲身确证道德的本体存在以及至善至美的境界,以达到对若瑟堂天主教众的审美教育和道德教化功能。
[Abstract]:Catholic Mass Music has been passed down in Chongqing for hundreds of years, but there is still a lack of case study on the characteristics and education of Catholic Mass Music in Chongqing in China.As one of the five major religions in the world, Catholicism not only plays an important role in the history of Western philosophy, but also plays an important role in the history of art and education. First of all, music, as an integral part of the Catholic Mass, gradually secularized into the mainstream of Western music in the Middle Ages. Secondly, Catholicism has always attached importance to education. Church groups not only teach basic cultural knowledge, doctrinal theory, but also music as a compulsory course. Sacrifice music education not only attracts the attention of religious groups, but also occupies an important position in the social music education system. It has important research value and significance. Through a three-year field investigation of the Mass Music of Joseph Hall in Chongqing, the data show that the Mass Music of Joseph Hall in Chongqing is an indispensable part of the ritual process, and basically judges that its musical style has the characteristics of diversity, which may be influenced by local music. It is worth studying deeply how Chongqing Joseph Church Mass Ceremony Music can be widely accepted and sung by Chongqing local people and educate the believers in Chongqing. Chongqing Joseph Church Mass Ceremony Music is the music of Catholic ceremonial culture, and the individual Catholic believers. Therefore, the study of the music of the Mass Ceremony of Joseph Church should begin with the composition of the Mass Ceremony. Through the investigation of the process of the Mass Ceremony of Joseph Church and the application of the music of the Mass Ceremony in the ceremony, we can see that the music of the Mass Ceremony of Joseph Church in Chongqing continued the early God. The function of mass ritual music is an essential component of mass ritual, which embodies the service function of hymn in the ritual and increases the solemnity of the ritual. The ritual and music are closely integrated. The basic form of mass ritual music can not be separated from the structure of mass ritual to serve the procedure of mass ritual. Purpose. Through the in-depth analysis of the music features of the Mass Ceremony in Joseph Hall of Chongqing, we find that the main characteristics of the music are: the rhythm is dynamic, and the use of simple rhythm; the speed is more than medium speed, close to the speed of recitation; the structure is short, depending on the length of the scripture, the tone is consistent with the scripture; the tune is divided into five tones and seven tones, the mode. Generally speaking, the mood of most hymns tends to be simple and soft, and the narrative singing features of lyrics are attached to the scriptures of rituals and reflect the characteristics of Catholic religious music. Styles can also be roughly divided into two categories: one is the continuation of the traditional Western Catholic Mass in the Western Middle Ages, mainly church mode of music style; the other is completely divorced from the Western Catholic Mass in China, mainly pentatonic style of Chinese music style. One type of chant is the western traditional music style chant, including from the simplest recitation chant to exquisite and decorative floral melody. The center of chant is the lyrics. The relationship between lyrics and music makes this type of chant melody the most prominent and enlightening feature, and reflects the style of western traditional church music. The second type is the hymn which contains the elements of local music in Bashu, showing the melody, range, mode and tone characteristics of local music. This kind of hymn reflects the ingenious combination of Chinese and Western cultures, including the essence of Gregorian chant and the integration of Ba. In addition, the music elements of Bashu folk songs are adopted in the Mass Ceremony Music of Jose Hall in Chongqing, which not only contains the local tones of Bashu, but also incorporates the repetition, development and change in melody development techniques, and so on. The combination of these elements fully demonstrates the preference for local musical elements in the creation of Chongqing Joseph Hall Mass Ritual Music. Because of these factors, Chongqing Joseph Hall Mass Ritual Music is widely accepted and sung by the local people in Chongqing. The results of the informal interviews and questionnaires among the teaching staff and the teaching staff of the Mass Ritual Music in Joseph Hall of Chongqing show that the different musical styles of the hymns have different psychological experiences for the parishioners. Motivation, inspired by the teaching content, takes the teaching scene as the main body of the comprehensive teaching method. And Chongqing Joseph Hall Mass Ceremony Music uses Chongqing local language for teaching activities, using Chinese characters as the anthology of hymns "teaching materials." These national cultures in the Mass Ceremony Music Education in the integration, the formation of cross-cultural perception, collection. The integration of aesthetic and cultural education in five dimensions, namely, perception tradition, social communication perception, interdisciplinary perception and multi-level perception, reflects that the Mass Ritual Music Education of Joseph Hall in Chongqing eventually becomes a part of Chongqing's national music education. In the process of teaching, the vivid model singing conveys the basic message of the hymn, or eulogizes, or repents, or excites. All these emotions will let the recipient experience and feel the beauty of the hymn truly, and let the recipient understand the meaning of the hymn as a whole. The Catholics of Joseph Church in Chongqing delivered their bodies and souls to God through singing in the process of learning the music of Mass Ceremony in the hope of resurrecting the sins of this life. The perfect combination of sex and artistry is the main way to experience the richness and profundity of human life. The Mass Music of Joseph Hall in Chongqing leads the believers'aesthetic consciousness to the realm of "perfection and perfection" through the lofty pursuit of beauty in theology and visual perception. Mass ritual music education includes the transcendence of human beings from the real world to the ideal world. Through the experience of ritual music, the participants can realize the sacredness of life, change each person's self-consciousness so as to confirm the ontological existence of morality and the realm of perfection and beauty, so as to achieve the aesthetic education and Taoism of Joseph Catholics. The function of moral education.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J608

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