欧洲文艺复兴在中国的传播与接受（从清末到五四）
发布时间：2018-10-08 09:51
【摘要】：文艺复兴是欧洲由中古转入近代的大转折时期,在欧洲历史上具有举足轻重的地位。明末清初开始,欧洲文艺复兴的零散知识首先由传教士带进了中国。到清末,很多政府官员、政论家、文化名人在探索诸国兴衰之由、本国富强之法的过程中,开始注意到作为整体的历史时期存在的欧洲文艺复兴。清末学制改革后,大批编译的西洋史著问世,让更多人尤其是学者、学生接触到文艺复兴的知识,随后引发了时人如何认识并翻译内涵丰富的Renaissance的问题。本文以“文艺复兴”为主要线索,搜集考定了清末至五四及五四后一段时间里谈论欧洲文艺复兴的文章著作400余种。在把“文艺复兴”处理为一种“话语”后,总结了清末以来各种译词的产生及各种中国话语的形成。通过对时人的话语文本进行语境分析,本文进一步透析这些词汇和话语背后的言说重点,揭示了各种文化路径选择上的差异,以及它们与世界文化形势、中国社会文化环境之间的互动关系。欧洲文艺复兴不仅塑造了民国时期的各种话语,而且深切地影响了中国文化的发展面貌。中国需要复兴古代学问、改革文字和文学、解放个人、创造新文化、吸收外来文化、发展科学和艺术都与之有密不可分的关系,“中国文艺复兴”的话语也是在这种情况下产生的。尤其是五四新文化运动的渊源、产生和定位都直接与欧洲文艺复兴相关。这也进一步加强了以后中国文化发展的讨论与欧洲文艺复兴的关系,一方面欧洲文艺复兴为中国文化发展提供了有益借鉴,另一方面也促进了欧洲文艺复兴在五四新文化运动之后的广泛传播。这种广泛主要表现为:大批著述和翻译使中国人对欧洲文艺复兴的知识范围更加丰富;讨论欧洲文艺复兴的人物群体和地域范围也不断扩大;借欧洲文艺复兴言说的中国问题也逐渐增多,包括中国近代艺术学科的形成。对比文艺复兴在欧洲的原貌及其在中国所呈现的面貌,可以发现二者之间的时而缩小、时而拉长的差距。总之,欧洲文艺复兴作为观察中西文化交融互释的一个视角,深刻影响了近代中国的学术、文字、文学、伦理、教育、文化、文艺的诸方面。通过这项考察,可以发现中国近代文化史上的诸多情况。
[Abstract]:The Renaissance is a great turning point in Europe from middle to modern times, which plays an important role in the history of Europe. From the end of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the scattered knowledge of European Renaissance was first brought into China by missionaries. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, many government officials, political commentators and cultural celebrities began to notice the existence of the European Renaissance as a whole in the process of exploring the reasons for the rise and fall of various countries and the law of prosperity and strength of their own country. After the reform of the school system in the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of compiled western historical books were published, which made more people, especially scholars, and students come into contact with the knowledge of the Renaissance, and then caused the question of how people understood and translated the rich Renaissance. Taking the Renaissance as the main clue, this paper collected more than 400 articles about the European Renaissance from the end of Qing Dynasty to May 4th and May 4th. After treating the Renaissance as a kind of discourse, this paper summarizes the formation of various translation words and Chinese discourse since the late Qing Dynasty. Based on the contextual analysis of the discourse text of the contemporary person, this paper further analyzes these words and the key words behind the discourse, and reveals the differences in the choice of various cultural paths, as well as their relationship with the cultural situation in the world. The interaction between Chinese social and cultural environment. The European Renaissance not only shaped the discourse of the Republic of China, but also deeply influenced the development of Chinese culture. China needs to revive ancient learning, reform writing and literature, liberate individuals, create new cultures, absorb foreign cultures, and develop science and art. The words of the Chinese Renaissance came into being in this context. In particular, the origin and orientation of the May 4th New Culture Movement are directly related to the European Renaissance. This also further strengthened the relationship between the discussion of Chinese cultural development and the European Renaissance. On the one hand, the European Renaissance provided a useful reference for the development of Chinese culture. On the other hand, it also promoted the widespread dissemination of the European Renaissance after the May 4th New Culture Movement. The main manifestations of this wide range are as follows: a large number of works and translations make the Chinese people's knowledge of the European Renaissance more extensive, and the group of characters and the geographical scope of the discussion of the European Renaissance continue to expand. The problems of China, including the formation of the discipline of modern Chinese art, have been gradually increased through the European Renaissance. Comparing the original appearance of Renaissance in Europe and its appearance in China, we can find the gap between them. In a word, the European Renaissance, as a visual angle of observing the mutual interpretation of Chinese and Western cultures, profoundly influenced the academic, literary, ethical, educational, cultural and literary aspects of modern China. Through this investigation, we can find a lot of situations in the history of Chinese modern culture.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K25
，
本文编号：2256328
[Abstract]:The Renaissance is a great turning point in Europe from middle to modern times, which plays an important role in the history of Europe. From the end of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the scattered knowledge of European Renaissance was first brought into China by missionaries. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, many government officials, political commentators and cultural celebrities began to notice the existence of the European Renaissance as a whole in the process of exploring the reasons for the rise and fall of various countries and the law of prosperity and strength of their own country. After the reform of the school system in the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of compiled western historical books were published, which made more people, especially scholars, and students come into contact with the knowledge of the Renaissance, and then caused the question of how people understood and translated the rich Renaissance. Taking the Renaissance as the main clue, this paper collected more than 400 articles about the European Renaissance from the end of Qing Dynasty to May 4th and May 4th. After treating the Renaissance as a kind of discourse, this paper summarizes the formation of various translation words and Chinese discourse since the late Qing Dynasty. Based on the contextual analysis of the discourse text of the contemporary person, this paper further analyzes these words and the key words behind the discourse, and reveals the differences in the choice of various cultural paths, as well as their relationship with the cultural situation in the world. The interaction between Chinese social and cultural environment. The European Renaissance not only shaped the discourse of the Republic of China, but also deeply influenced the development of Chinese culture. China needs to revive ancient learning, reform writing and literature, liberate individuals, create new cultures, absorb foreign cultures, and develop science and art. The words of the Chinese Renaissance came into being in this context. In particular, the origin and orientation of the May 4th New Culture Movement are directly related to the European Renaissance. This also further strengthened the relationship between the discussion of Chinese cultural development and the European Renaissance. On the one hand, the European Renaissance provided a useful reference for the development of Chinese culture. On the other hand, it also promoted the widespread dissemination of the European Renaissance after the May 4th New Culture Movement. The main manifestations of this wide range are as follows: a large number of works and translations make the Chinese people's knowledge of the European Renaissance more extensive, and the group of characters and the geographical scope of the discussion of the European Renaissance continue to expand. The problems of China, including the formation of the discipline of modern Chinese art, have been gradually increased through the European Renaissance. Comparing the original appearance of Renaissance in Europe and its appearance in China, we can find the gap between them. In a word, the European Renaissance, as a visual angle of observing the mutual interpretation of Chinese and Western cultures, profoundly influenced the academic, literary, ethical, educational, cultural and literary aspects of modern China. Through this investigation, we can find a lot of situations in the history of Chinese modern culture.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K25
，
本文编号：2256328
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