阿拉伯民族认同的历史演变

发布时间：2018-11-21 20:40

【摘要】：阿拉伯民族是一个民族整体,阿拉伯民族认同是阿拉伯人对本民族的认可感和归属感。阿拉伯民族本身构成来源复杂,阿拉伯民族认同也一直受到宗教认同、国家认同、血缘认同、区域等同等多重认同的影响,在历史发展过程中体现出不同的表现形式和特点。本文从民族认同概念出发,根据阿拉伯民族认同在不同历史阶段的表现,将阿拉伯民族认同的历史演变划分为五个不同时期,研究和讨论它在每个时期的表现和所体现的特征。并且从历史、文化、政治三个层次探究阿拉伯民族认同所具有的总体特点和对阿拉伯民族成长、阿拉伯地区政治社会形势产生的影响。论文分为三个主要部分：绪论、正文、结语。其中,绪论部分介绍了论文写作的选题理由、研究意义、文献综述和研究方法。着重于梳理中外学者在民族研究领域以及对民族认同问题的学术成果,并引出论文所要重点讨论的部分理论。正文共分为七个章节。其中第一章是理论概念的阐述和梳理。分别从民族认同的基本概念、民族认同的层次、民族认同的价值和功能三个小节,讨论阿拉伯民族认同所涉及的理论知识。第二章至第六章是根据不同的历史阶段对阿拉伯民族认同的历史演变进行分析、归纳和解读。第二章是贾希利叶时期阿拉伯人的认同。阿拉伯半岛是阿拉伯人的故乡,共同的地理环境、血缘联系和语言因素为阿拉伯人产生互相认同提供了准备条件。这一时期内,阿拉伯人的主要生活状态是游牧的部落制。在集体生活中,阿拉伯人对部落产生了部落认同,也产生了超越部落的整体意识和求同的向往。但是,阿拉伯人的民族认同在贾希利叶时期尚未真正产生,仍然有很多不稳定的因素。第三章是伊斯兰时期的阿拉伯民族认同。伊斯兰教的创立播下了一个民族的种子,为阿拉伯民族认同奠定了基础,促进了阿拉伯民族认同的形成。阿拉伯民族认同的产生,与伊斯兰教的建立与对外传播是密不可分的。伊斯兰教打破了以血缘联系为基础的部落认同,宗教语言阿拉伯语和日渐稳定的社会生活为阿拉伯认同的凝聚创造了良好环境。这一时期,阿拉伯民族开始形成,民族认同以宗教为先决条件,以阿拉伯化为发展手段,具有宗教和民族的双重特征。第四章是奥斯曼时期的阿拉伯民族认同。这一时期阿拉伯人处于外族的统治之下。在奥斯曼帝国统治和西方殖民势力的双重压力下,阿拉伯民族认同处于被压抑的状态。随着奥斯曼帝国的瓦解,阿拉伯民族认同开始觉醒。阿拉伯人开始寻求独立的民族身份,并且赋予了民族认同新的内涵。由于民族复兴和民族独立是该阶段民族生活的主题,所以民族认同与宗教认同和国家认同也取得了一定程度上的协调一致。第五章是近现代阿拉伯民族认同。近现代时期,阿拉伯人反对西方殖民主义,争取民族解放的斗争取得了胜利,但是西方殖民主义势力对阿拉伯现代民族国家分而治之,对阿拉伯民族认同形成了人为割裂。二十世纪五六十年代,阿拉伯民族主义的思潮成为时代的主流,阿拉伯人在政治实践中迈出了走向民族统一的步伐,阿拉伯民族认同也达到了高潮。这一时期的民族认同,是阿拉伯民族团结的强化剂,推动了阿拉伯民族团结统一的浪潮。并且,民族认同开始与宗教认同和国家认同出现分化,多重认同的复杂性开始展现。第六章是当代阿拉伯民族认同。该章节阐述了阿拉伯民族认同在当代面临的状况和影响其发展的关键因素。美苏两个大国的冷战思维对阿拉伯民族认同进行了撕扯和争夺,全球化进程中阿拉伯民族认同遭到了政治、经济、文化等多方面的冲击,中东剧变的乱局又对阿拉伯民族认同进行着考验。阿拉伯民族认同在当代受到政治利益的分裂化,也受到其他认同的多重影响。第七章是从多层次的角度看阿拉伯民族认同。从历史层次来看,阿拉伯民族认同在历史上具有延续性,是无法否认的历史存在。但是它也经历了不同的历史阶段,呈现出波浪式的、不稳定的发展状态。从文化层次来看,阿拉伯民族认同以阿拉伯语作为纽带和标识,具有伊斯兰教的宗教色彩,重视本民族历史和传统。从政治层次来看,阿拉伯民族认同一方面受到政治利益和政治现实的影响,另一方面也推动着政治实践的发展。本文结论认为,理解阿拉伯民族认同,应当结合对阿拉伯民族历史的梳理,客观地看待阿拉伯民族认同的起伏。阿拉伯民族认同是阿拉伯人对共同群体意识的自我表达。当下阿拉伯社会动荡,国家四分五裂、各自为政、教派冲突持续发酵、恐怖主义问题丛生。在这样的乱局之下,增强阿拉伯民族认同有助于帮助缓解阿拉伯国家之间的矛盾,增进阿拉伯人之间的相互感情。当代社会的阿拉伯民族认同已经难以成为政治主流,更多地是一种文化上的认同。阿拉伯人必须以开放性的文化姿态认识和对待民族认同问题,从文化和思想角度发展阿拉伯民族认同,形成开发性的、具有民族特色并能够与世界文化协调发展的阿拉伯文化,才能增强阿拉伯民族的团结友爱、巩固阿拉伯民族认同。
[Abstract]:The Arab nation is a national unity, and the Arab national identity is the recognition and the sense of belonging to the Arabs. The origin of the Arab nation itself is complex, and the national identity of the Arab nation has always been affected by the same multi-identity, such as the religious identity, the national identity, the blood relation and the regional etc., and the different forms and features are embodied in the course of the historical development. Based on the concept of the national identity, this paper divides the historical evolution of the Arab national identity into five different periods according to the expression of the Arab national identity in different historical stages, and studies and discusses the performance and the characteristics of it in each period. And from the three levels of history, culture and politics, the paper probes into the overall characteristics of the Arab national identity and the influence on the growth of the Arab nation and the situation of the political and social situation in the Arab region. The thesis is divided into three main parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In this section, the introduction section introduces the reason, the significance, the literature review and the research method of the thesis's writing. This paper focuses on combing the academic achievements of Chinese and foreign scholars in the field of national research and the problems of national identity, and drawing out some of the theories to be discussed in the paper. The text is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the elaboration and combing of the theory concept. From the basic concept of the national identity, the level of the national identity, the value and the function of the national identity, the theoretical knowledge involved in the national identity of the Arab nation is discussed. The second chapter to the sixth chapter are to analyze, sum up and interpret the historical evolution of the Arab national identity according to different historical stages. The second chapter is the identity of the Arabs in the time of the Jahili. The Arabian Peninsula is the home of the Arab, the common geographic environment, the blood relationship and the language factor provide the preparation condition for the Arab to produce the mutual agreement. In this period, the main living state of the Arabs is the nomadic tribal system. In the collective life, the Arabs have the tribal identity of the tribe, and also produced the whole consciousness and the desire for the same. However, the national identity of the Arabs has not yet been truly produced during the period of the Jahili period, and there are still many unstable factors. The third chapter is the Arab identity of the Islamic period. The founding of Islam has planted a nation's seed, laying the foundation for the recognition of the Arab nation, and promoting the formation of the national identity of the Arab nation. The production of the Arab national identity is closely related to the establishment and the external communication of Islam. Islam has broken the tribal identity based on the ties of blood, the Arabic language of the religious language and the increasingly stable social life created a good environment for the cohesion of the Arab identity. During this period, the Arab peoples began to form, and the national identity was a prerequisite for religion, with the aim of being Arab as a means of development, with the dual character of religion and ethnicity. The fourth chapter is the Arab national identity of the Ottoman period. The Arabs were under the rule of the foreign family during this period. Under the double pressure of the Ottoman Empire and the Western colonial power, the Arab identity is in a suppressed state. With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Arab national identity began to awaken. The Arab began to seek an independent national identity and gave the nation a new connotation. Since the national rejuvenation and the national independence are the subject of the national life of the stage, the national identity and the religious identity and the national identity have achieved a certain degree of harmony. The fifth chapter is the recognition of the modern Arab nation. in that modern time, the Arabs oppose the Western colonialism, and the struggle for national liberation has won the victory. In the 1950s and 1960s, the trend of the Arab nationalism became the mainstream of the times, and the Arabs had taken a step towards the unity of the people in the political practice, and the Arab national identity also reached the climax. The national identity of this period is the reinforcing agent of the Arab national unity, which has promoted the unity of the Arab unity of national unity. In addition, the ethnic identity has begun to differentiate between the religious identity and the national identity, and the complexity of the multiple identification is beginning to unfold. Chapter six is the identity of the contemporary Arab nation. The chapter describes the status of the Arab national identity in the contemporary and the key factors that affect its development. The Cold War mentality of the two major powers of the United States of America has torn and contested the identity of the Arab nation, and the Arab national identity in the process of globalization has been hit by many aspects such as politics, economy and culture, and the chaos of the Middle East has put a test on the national identity of the Arab nation. The ethnic identity of the Arab nation is subject to the division of the political interests in the present day, and is also subject to the multiple effects of other identity. Chapter 7 is a multi-level view of the Arab national identity. From the historical level, the national identity of the Arab nation has the continuity in history, and it is the historical existence that can't be denied. But it also has experienced different historical stages, presenting a wave-like, unstable state of development. From the cultural level, the Arab peoples agree to use Arabic as a tie and mark, have the religious color of Islam, and attach importance to the history and traditions of the nation. From the political level, the national identity of the Arab nation is influenced by the political and political realities on the one hand, and on the other hand, the development of the political practice is also promoted. The paper concludes that understanding the national identity of the Arab nation should combine the history of the Arab nation and view the fluctuation of the identity of the Arab nation. The Arab national identity is the self-expression of the Arab sense of common group. At present, the Arab society is volatile, the country is torn apart, each self-government, the sectarian conflict continues to ferment, the problem of terrorism is cluster. In such a mess, the strengthening of the Arab national identity has helped to help alleviate the conflict between the Arab States and to increase the mutual affection between the Arabs. The Arab national identity of the contemporary society has become a political mainstream, and more is a cultural identity. The Arabs must recognize and treat the issue of national identity with an open cultural attitude, develop the national identity of the Arab nation from the perspective of culture and thought, and form an Arab culture with national characteristics and harmonious development with the world culture, To strengthen the unity and friendship of the Arab peoples and to consolidate the national identity of the Arab people.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K37

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