德勒兹和加塔利微观权力思想研究
发布时间：2018-12-07 14:42
【摘要】：当代法国著名哲学家德勒兹(Gilles Deleuze,1925—1995)在阐释与思考微观政治的问题上,具有十分特殊而重要的影响。他站在后现代的文化立场上,与他的合作者加塔利(Felix Guattari,1930—1992)一道,从考察很微小、最基本的文化元素——人的欲望的政治功能出发来建构他们的理论体系,对于人的欲望之本质及其在社会历史发展过程中的文化功能和政治特征进行了重新理解和诠释,从而形成了他们独具后现代特色的欲望微观政治理论。德勒兹和加塔利微观权力思想的形成离不开他们对于先前思想家们的解读和传承,而对他们思想形成最具决定性影响的当属柏格森、斯宾诺莎、尼采和马克思这四位思想家,他们从柏格森哲学那里吸取了差异本体论,从尼采哲学中吸取了价值观和伦理学,从斯宾诺莎哲学中吸取了实践概念和政治学,而他们从马克思那里则吸取了马克思的生产理论,并获得了马克思主义因素。德勒兹和加塔利的欲望微观政治是建立在一定的后现代哲学基础上的,这也充分反映出他们的后现代哲学观。在哲学方面,他们倡导差异哲学,用以对抗传统的同一哲学;在思想文化方面,他们倡导块茎思维,用以对抗传统的树状思维;在政治生活方面,他们倡导游牧思想,用以对抗国家式独断思想;在生命层面,他们倡导生成主义,强调生成是一种政治行为,并且生成是一种少数的生成。德勒兹和加塔利反对“欲望即匮乏”的传统欲望观,更加强调欲望的生产性和革命性。他们肯定资本主义摧毁了限制经济发展的各种障碍,带来了欲望的空前解放,推动了整个社会生产力的巨大发展,但由于欲望本身的随意性和自由性,资本主义国家机器又对欲望进行了更加严酷的压制,使本来已经解放的欲望被再度囚禁起来,为了重新焕发欲望的生机,他们主张通过精神分裂的方式对抗国家机器对个体欲望的辖域和编码,它的变革主体是精神分裂者。德勒兹和加塔利主张政治既是微观政治,也是宏观政治,是二者的有机结合,宏观政治只是微观政治的延续。在宏观层面,他们倡导通过游牧战争来冲破以国家机器为基础的理性政治对人的欲望的压制,它的变革主体是游牧民。在理论层面对欲望进行分析和重新阐释的同时,德勒兹和加塔利还积极进行他们的微观政治实践,而对小民族文学的解析则是他们的具体实践之一,他们在对文学的政治性进行了深刻论述的基础上,对小民族文学概念的缘起、特征以及现实意义进行了论述。作为后现代思想家的德勒兹和加塔利,他们与马克思的关系是颇为复杂却又无可回避的历史性议题。德勒兹曾多次声称他和他的合作者加塔利“一直都是马克思主义者”,他们终身都对马克思存有难以释怀的情愫,他们的微观权力思想中既承继效仿又解构建构了马克思主义思想,并最后逃离了马克思主义思想。概言之,他们的微观权力思想既秉持了后现代的立场观点又融合了马克思主义因素,这可能也是他们的微观权力思想的最大魅力所在。
[Abstract]:The famous French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, 1925 (1995), has a very special and important influence in the interpretation and reflection of the micro-politics. In the post-modern cultural standpoint, he stood with his collaborator, Felix Guattari, 1930 (1992), to build their theoretical system from the political function of examining the desire of the most basic cultural elements _. The essence of human's desire and its cultural function and political character in the course of social history development have been reinterpreted and interpreted, thus forming the micro-political theory of the desire of their unique post-modern characteristics. The formation of the thought of the micro-power of Dadze and Gaitali can not be separated from the understanding and the inheritance of the previous thinkers, and the most decisive influence on their thought is the four thinkers of Berger, Spinoza, Nietzsche and Marx. From the philosophy of Nietzsche, they drew the difference ontology, and drew the values and the ethics from the Nietzsche's philosophy, and drew the practice concept and the political science from the Spinoza's philosophy, and they learned from Marx's production theory and obtained the Marxist factors. The micro-politics of the desire of Deleuz and Galatley is based on a certain post-modern philosophy, which also reflects their post-modern philosophy. In the field of philosophy, they advocate the difference philosophy to fight the traditional same philosophy; in the aspect of the thought and culture, they advocate the tuber thinking to fight the traditional tree-like thinking; in the aspect of political life, they advocate the nomadic thought to fight the state-style single-break thought; At the life level, they advocate for the generation of doctrine, stress that the generation is a political act, and that generation is a small form of production. The traditional desire of desire, which is a lack of desire, is more emphasis on the productive and revolutionary of the desire. They affirmed that capitalism destroyed all kinds of obstacles to the economic development, brought the unprecedented liberation of the desire, and promoted the great development of the whole society's productivity, but because of the random nature and the free nature of the desire itself, the capitalist state machine has made a more severe pressing on the desire. The desire to have been liberated is again imprisoned and, in order to reinvigorate the vitality of the desire, they claim to fight the national machinery for the domain and code of the individual's desires through the way of a spiritual split, and the subject of change is the schizophrenic. Both the micro-politics and the macro-politics are the organic combination of both the macro-politics and the micro-politics, and the macro-politics is the continuation of the micro-politics. At the macro level, they advocate the suppression of the desire of people through the nomadic war to break through the rational politics based on the national machinery, and the main body of change is the nomads. At the same time, the analysis and reinterpretation of the desire is carried out at the same time, and the analysis of the small-nationality literature is one of their specific practices, on the basis of the profound discussion of the political nature of the literature, The origin, characteristic and practical significance of the concept of the small-nationality literature are discussed. As the post-modern thinker, Adler and Galatley, their relationship with Marx is a rather complex but unstoppable historical issue. Deleuz has repeatedly claimed that he and his cooperator, Mr. Tali's 鈥淚t's a Marxist.鈥，
本文编号：2367354
[Abstract]:The famous French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, 1925 (1995), has a very special and important influence in the interpretation and reflection of the micro-politics. In the post-modern cultural standpoint, he stood with his collaborator, Felix Guattari, 1930 (1992), to build their theoretical system from the political function of examining the desire of the most basic cultural elements _. The essence of human's desire and its cultural function and political character in the course of social history development have been reinterpreted and interpreted, thus forming the micro-political theory of the desire of their unique post-modern characteristics. The formation of the thought of the micro-power of Dadze and Gaitali can not be separated from the understanding and the inheritance of the previous thinkers, and the most decisive influence on their thought is the four thinkers of Berger, Spinoza, Nietzsche and Marx. From the philosophy of Nietzsche, they drew the difference ontology, and drew the values and the ethics from the Nietzsche's philosophy, and drew the practice concept and the political science from the Spinoza's philosophy, and they learned from Marx's production theory and obtained the Marxist factors. The micro-politics of the desire of Deleuz and Galatley is based on a certain post-modern philosophy, which also reflects their post-modern philosophy. In the field of philosophy, they advocate the difference philosophy to fight the traditional same philosophy; in the aspect of the thought and culture, they advocate the tuber thinking to fight the traditional tree-like thinking; in the aspect of political life, they advocate the nomadic thought to fight the state-style single-break thought; At the life level, they advocate for the generation of doctrine, stress that the generation is a political act, and that generation is a small form of production. The traditional desire of desire, which is a lack of desire, is more emphasis on the productive and revolutionary of the desire. They affirmed that capitalism destroyed all kinds of obstacles to the economic development, brought the unprecedented liberation of the desire, and promoted the great development of the whole society's productivity, but because of the random nature and the free nature of the desire itself, the capitalist state machine has made a more severe pressing on the desire. The desire to have been liberated is again imprisoned and, in order to reinvigorate the vitality of the desire, they claim to fight the national machinery for the domain and code of the individual's desires through the way of a spiritual split, and the subject of change is the schizophrenic. Both the micro-politics and the macro-politics are the organic combination of both the macro-politics and the micro-politics, and the macro-politics is the continuation of the micro-politics. At the macro level, they advocate the suppression of the desire of people through the nomadic war to break through the rational politics based on the national machinery, and the main body of change is the nomads. At the same time, the analysis and reinterpretation of the desire is carried out at the same time, and the analysis of the small-nationality literature is one of their specific practices, on the basis of the profound discussion of the political nature of the literature, The origin, characteristic and practical significance of the concept of the small-nationality literature are discussed. As the post-modern thinker, Adler and Galatley, their relationship with Marx is a rather complex but unstoppable historical issue. Deleuz has repeatedly claimed that he and his cooperator, Mr. Tali's 鈥淚t's a Marxist.鈥，
本文编号：2367354
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