构式语法观下的动结式及相关句式研究

发布时间：2019-06-08 10:58

【摘要】：现代汉语动结式及相关句式是汉语研究中的重要课题,一直为学术界所关注。以往的研究成果多数集中在动结式句法、语义的描写,以及论元的选择条件和配位方式上。我们认为前人的研究已经取得了很多、很好的成果,但是仍有加以补充的空间。本文在已有的研究基础上,汲取前人的优秀成果,以构式语法理论为指导,以另外一个视角对现代汉语动结式及相关句式进行探讨。全文共分为7章。其中,第1章是绪论;第2章是动结构式形成的理据和动因:从“致使—结果”范畴、意象图式到动结构式;第3章是动结构式的内部建构;第4章是动结构式论元的熔合过程;第5章是动结构式形成的相关句式;第6章是动结构式致事论元分析;第7章是结语。具体内容如下:第1章:绪论。本章主要介绍构式语法理论和动结式以往的研究成果,指出目前动结式研究存在的不足,进而说明本文的选题意义、研究理论与方法、研究思路以及语料来源。第2章:动结构式形成的理据和动因:从“致使—结果”范畴、意象图式到动结构式。本章旨在探寻形成动结构式的理据和动因。本章首先通过调查问卷的方式证明:现代汉语言中确实存在动结结构的语义表达框架,其言语表现形式是动结式,并根据其句法语义特征证明动结式是构式。然后本章运用范畴化理论、隐喻理论、事件语义学等观点,从分析“致使—结果”事件入手,概括“致使—结果”范畴的成因,分解“致使—结果”意象图式的各个要素,探讨“致使—结果”范畴句式,并在此基础上说明动结句式是“致使—结果”句式的原型成员(基本句式)。本章最终描述动结构式形成的过程,为进一步分析动结构式的内部组成成分做好准备。第3章:动结构式的内部建构。构式的组成成分是指有资格进入构式的动词及构式的论元,构式的意义是由各个组成成分的意义整合而成。动结构式的特殊性在于其包含述语动词V和补语谓词C(补语可以由动词或形容词充当)两个谓词性成分。本章首先确定了动结构式的结构中心和意义中心,然后分析述语动词和补语谓词的主次关系。本章还探讨了述语动词的词汇意义,描述了述语动词、述语动词参与者角色和补语谓词参与者角色进入动结构式的限制,进而探讨了述语动词和动结构式、参与者角色和动结构式之间的关系。本章还讨论了动结构式意义的多样性以及动结构式之间的关系。第4章:动结构式论元的熔合过程。动结构式的论元是述语动词V的参与者角色和补语谓词C的参与者角色与动结构式的论元角色熔合而成的。本章详细描述了“病倒类”等十四类动结构式中述语动词V的参与者角色和补语谓词C的参与者角色与动结构式论元角色的熔合过程,并且归纳了熔合的特点。本章重点探讨了动结构式的隐性论元及其熔合过程。本章还论证了“洗脏类”动结构式范畴内具有原型意义,其它各类动结构式的意义都是由原型意义引申出来的,与“洗脏类”的原型意义具有范畴内家族相似性。第5章:动结构式形成的相关句式。本章依据第4章归纳出来的各类动结构式的论元数量重新把动结构式归为三大类,并且总结了各类的共性与特性。本章详细描述了不同类型的动结构式在基础句式的基础上参与形成重动句、把字句和被字句的可能性。重动构式、把字构式和被字构式本身具有特定的构式义,而动结构式本身也具有特定的构式义,两种构式在整合过程中相互妥协、相互作用、相互激发,最终形成合格的表达式。本章还论述了动结构式形成重动句、把字句和被字句的机制是压制。压制使动结构式中的某个论元更加突显以符合上述句式的要求。把字构式和被字构式对动结构式的压制与重动构式对动结构式的压制是不同的。第6章:动结构式致事论元分析。本章具体讨论了现代汉语动结构式致事论元的性质及其作用、致事论元来源的多样性、致事论元选择的认知动机和语义限制以及遭受类动结构式。致事论元是致使—结果范畴的一个语义角色,其根本作用就是提升自身的显著性,明确自身的致使力,促使致使义的发生,导致结果义的实现,使动结构式得以实现。致事论元的来源具有多样性,可以由述语动词V的参与者角色熔合而来,也可以由补语谓词C的主论元参与者角色或宾论元参与者角色熔合而来,还可以由活动参与者角色或外部参与者角色熔合而来。致事论元具有事件性。参与者角色熔合为致事论元受到语义层面的限制,规约性程度越高、具体性程度越高、直接性程度越高,成为合格致事论元的可能性越大。遭受类动结构式是动结构式的变体,是致事论元来源多样性的具体表现,除致使—结果义外,还表达了意料之外的负面意义。第7章:结语。在本章中,我们总结全文的主要观点,指出本文的主要创新之处,并提出今后研究的设想。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese dynamic and related sentence structure is an important subject in the study of Chinese, and has always been concerned by the academic circle. In the past, most of the previous research results are focused on the dynamic-knot syntax, the description of the semantics, and the selection conditions and the coordination methods of the elements. We believe that the previous studies have made a lot of good results, but there are still room to be supplemented. On the basis of the existing research, this paper, based on the existing research, takes the structure-based grammar theory as a guide, and probes into the dynamic and related sentence patterns of modern Chinese by another angle of view. The full text is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; Chapter 2 is the motivation and motivation of the formation of the dynamic structural formula: from the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category, the image schema to the dynamic structural formula; the third chapter is the internal construction of the dynamic structural formula; the fourth chapter is the fusion process of the dynamic structural formula; the fifth chapter is the relevant sentence structure formed by the dynamic structural formula; Chapter 6 is the meta-analysis of the action of the dynamic structural formula; Chapter 7 is the epilogue. The specific content is as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the structure-type grammar theory and the previous research results, and points out the shortcomings of the present research on the existing research, and further explains the meaning of the topic, the research theory and the method, the research thinking and the source of the corpus. Chapter 2: The motivation and motivation of the formation of dynamic structural formula: from the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category, the image schema to the dynamic structural formula. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the motivation and motivation of forming the dynamic structural formula. The first part of this chapter is to prove that the semantic expression framework of the kinking structure does exist in the modern Chinese language, and its speech form is the dynamic knot type, and it is proved that the dynamic knot type is a structure based on its syntactic and semantic characteristics. Then this chapter uses the view of category theory, metaphor theory, event semantics and so on, starting from the analysis of the "resulting in the results of the analysis" events, summarizing the cause of the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category, decomposing the various elements of the "resulting in the results of the analysis" image schema, and exploring the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category sentence structure, On the basis of this, it is stated that the dynamic-junction sentence structure is the prototype member of the "resulting in the results of the analysis"-type sentence structure (basic sentence structure). This chapter finally describes the process of the formation of the dynamic structural formula and is prepared for further analysis of the internal components of the dynamic structural formula. Chapter 3: The internal construction of the dynamic structural formula. The component of the construction is the element of the verb and the structure that is qualified to enter the structure, and the meaning of the structure is formed by the meaning of each component. The particularity of the dynamic structural formula is that it contains the verb V and the complement predicate C (the complement can be used by a verb or an adjective) as two predicate components. This chapter first defines the structure center and the meaning center of the dynamic structural formula, and then analyzes the primary and secondary relation of the language verb and the complement predicate. This chapter also discusses the lexical meaning of the predicate verb, and describes the restriction of the role of the word verb, the language verb participant character and the complement-language predicate participant into the dynamic structural formula, and further discusses the relation between the verb and the dynamic structural formula, the participant character and the dynamic structural formula. The relationship between the structural meaning and the dynamic structural formula is also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4: The fusion process of the dynamic structural element. The element of the dynamic structural formula is formed by fusing the participant character of the verb V and the actor character of the complement predicate C with the meta-character of the dynamic structural formula. This chapter describes the fusion process of the actor character of the verb V and the actor character of the complement predicate C and the meta-character of the dynamic structural formula in the four-class dynamic structural formula, such as the disease and the like, and summarizes the characteristics of the fusion. This chapter focuses on the recessive argument of the dynamic structural formula and its fusion process. This chapter also demonstrates the prototype meaning in the category of the "dirty" dynamic structural formula, and the meaning of the other types of dynamic structural formula is derived from the prototype meaning, and the prototype meaning of the "dirty" has the family similarity in the category. Chapter 5: The relevant sentence structure formed by the dynamic structural formula. In this chapter, the structural formula is classified into three main categories according to the number of elements of various types of dynamic structural formulas, which are summarized in Chapter 4, and the common and characteristic of all kinds are summarized. This chapter describes in detail the different types of dynamic structural formula on the basis of the basic sentence structure to participate in the formation of the heavy sentence, the sentence and the possibility of the sentence. The dynamic structural formula and the word-forming type have specific construction meaning, and the dynamic structural formula itself has specific structure meaning, and the two types of construction are mutually agreed and mutually excited in the whole process, and finally form a qualified expression. This chapter also discusses the dynamic structural formula to form the heavy-moving sentence, and the mechanism of the sentence and the sentence is pressed. The pressing makes some of the meta-elements in the structural formula more prominent to meet the above-mentioned sentence pattern. The suppression of the dynamic structural formula and the pressing of the dynamic structural formula are different from the expression of the word structure and the word-structure to the dynamic structural formula. Chapter 6: The meta-analysis of dynamic structural formula. In this chapter, we discuss the nature and function of the metadata of the dynamic structural formula of the modern Chinese, the diversity of the source of the cause, the cognitive motivation and the semantic restriction of the element selection, and the structural formula of the class. The element of the cause is a semantic role in the category of the result, the fundamental role of which is to improve its own significance, to make clear the cause of self, to cause the occurrence of the meaning, and to result in the realization of the result meaning, so that the dynamic structural formula can be realized. The source of the cause-related element is diverse, can be fused by the participant character of the predicate V, or may be fused by the main argument participant role of the complement predicate C or the bbinarist role, and may also be fused by the active participant role or the external participant role. The cause of the event has an event. The fusion of the role of the participants is the limitation of the semantic level, the higher the degree of the protocol, the higher the degree of specificity, the higher the direct degree, and the greater the probability of becoming a qualified member. The structural formula is a variant of the dynamic structural formula, which is the concrete expression of the diversity of the source of the meta-source. Chapter 7: epilogue. In this chapter, we sum up the main point of view of the text, point out the main innovation of this paper, and put forward the idea of future research.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3

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