论警务盘查相对人不服从权利的保护

发布时间：2018-01-05 04:29

本文关键词：论警务盘查相对人不服从权利的保护　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,社会转型加快,公民的法治意识与社会主义法治建设不能协调发展,公民对权利的呼声越来越高,对人民警察正常执法活动的抵抗情绪也越来越多,抵抗的程度也越来越激烈。盘问检查是警察日常工作的一种重要手段,是公安民警开展行政调查的必经程序,由于盘问检查多发生于街头、车站等特定的公共场合,有极强的随意性、例行性,盘检的相对人常常会认为个人的名誉权和人格尊严受到了侵犯,所以体现出不配合、拒绝服从甚至对抗执法的行为。公安民警如果执法行为不当,极易引起群众围观和社会舆论的谴责,对于公安民警的人身权利和法律的公定力以及社会的法治秩序都造成了极大的损害。行政相对人的不服从是公民抵抗权的一部分,公民抵抗权是公民的一项天然权利,可以说是人权守护之权。由于盘查制度的保护、引导不力,这样一个彻底的保护性权利,正在现实的中国被行政相对人错误的理解和行使,以至于盘查执法不能正常进行,同时造成治安秩序的破坏、法律信仰的缺失。因此必须要总结和反思盘查执法遭到越来越多对抗的原因,从而找出解决盘查执法甚至普通行政执法所面临的困境,即在完善相应法律法规的基础上,引导或要求行政相对人利用合法的手段维护自身权益,监督行政执法,为社会营造出尊重法律、相信法律、依靠法律的法治环境。此文通过对比文史资料、网络寻例、总结归纳等方法,从公民抵抗权的概念角度入手,简要介绍了公民抵抗权的理论基础和演化脉络;然后提出了行政相对人对抗盘查强制力的原因,提出盘查法律依据和行政相对人救济途径不足的问题、盘查强制措施不完善的问题、行政相对人不服从权利保障不足的问题;最后以完善盘问检查制度的构建原则、法律体系建设为出发点,进一步探讨了行政相对人不服从权利的引导和各种救济途径的改善。警务行政不同于一般的行政执法,它有强烈的对抗性、紧急性和不可预测性,特别是盘查执法是警察常见的最大威胁之一。虽然不可否认现阶段的警务盘查执法依据有不合理情况,常常会伴随有执法人员滥用自由裁量权、滥用强制力,非法侵犯公民合法权利的事实发生,但是随着社会矛盾激化,秩序管控和国家稳定的需要,盘查强制力必须在某些方面得到加强,比如警械、武器的使用条件方面。当然盘查强制力的加强不应成为侵犯公民各项权利的借口,也不应该成为行政机关扩大社会控制力的权柄,保障公民在盘查当中的各项权益仍然是完善盘查强制力的当务之急和先决条件。可以说行政相对人的不服从是公权力的达摩克利斯之剑,常常提醒着执法者不依法行政所会带来的阻扰。如果在完善警务盘查法律的基础上能够使行政相对人合理监督依法进行的警务执法活动,同时利用各种救济途径能够充分保障自身权利,将会实现公民不服从权利的维护并且将极大的提高警务效率,促进法律公信力的实现,增强社会的法治信仰,从而改善全民的法治思维模式和加快中国的法治社会进程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid social transformation, the citizen consciousness of the rule of law and the coordinated development of the construction of socialist rule of law on the rights of the citizens, more and more, the people's police law enforcement activities normal resistance is also increasing, the degree of resistance has become increasingly fierce. Cross examination is an important means of daily police work, is necessary the procedure of administrative investigation of police questioning, because check occurred in the streets, stations and other special public occasions, have very strong randomness, routine inspection, the relative disk will often think of personal right of reputation and personal dignity is violated, it reflects not cooperate, refused to obey even against violations of law enforcement the police law enforcement. If improper, extremely easy to cause the masses of onlookers and the condemnation of public opinion for the rule of law, police rank of personal rights and public power and social law In order to have caused great damage. The administrative relative person's disobedience is a part of the citizen's right to resist, resist the citizen right is a natural right of citizens, can be said to be the guardian of the right. The protection of human rights, interrogation system should not, such a thorough protection right, is the reality of the China is the administrative relative person wrong understanding and exercise, so that law enforcement interrogation can not be normal, and can cause order destruction, lack of faith in law. It is necessary to summarize and reflect inventory by more and more law enforcement countermeasures, so as to find out the law enforcement interrogation and even ordinary administrative law enforcement dilemma, which is based on perfecting related laws regulations, guidance or requirements of the administrative relative person use legal means to safeguard their own rights and interests, supervision of administrative law enforcement, for the society and create a respect for the law, believe that the law, according to the law on Law Managing the environment. In this article, through the comparison of historical data, the network for example, summarizes the methods, concepts from the perspective of citizen's right to resist to start, briefly introduces the basic theory and the evolution of the citizen's right to resist; and then put forward the reasons of the administrative relative person against the disc force provided at the Qiang Zha system, check the legal basis and the administrative relative person remedy insufficient inventory compulsory measures imperfect, the administrative relative person does not obey the inadequate protection of the rights of the problem; finally in order to improve the construction principle of interrogation and inspection system, the legal system construction as the starting point, to further explore the administrative relative person does not obey the right guidance and various relief ways different from police administrative improvement. Administrative enforcement of law in general, it has intense antagonism, urgency and unpredictability, especially law enforcement is one of the biggest threat to the police interrogation common. But there is no denying that at the present stage Police interrogation according to law enforcement is not reasonable, often accompanied by law enforcement personnel abuse of discretion, abuse of coercive power, illegally infringing the legitimate rights of citizens and the occurrence of the facts, but with the intensification of social contradictions, to control order and the national stability, interrogation force must be strengthened, in some aspects such as weapons, weapons the conditions for the use of force to strengthen inventory. Of course should not become a violation of the rights of citizens should not be an excuse to expand the administrative organ of social control authority, protect the rights and interests of citizens in the inventory is still improving inventory force a pressing matter of the moment and prerequisite. It can be said that the administrative relative person is not subject to the public the Damour Damocles, often remind the law enforcement administration according to law will bring the obstruction. If based on perfecting the law of police interrogation can make the administrative The police law enforcement activities relatively reasonable supervision according to law, at the same time using a variety of remedies to fully protect their own rights, will realize the maintenance of civil disobedience rights and will greatly improve police efficiency, promote the realization of legal credibility, enhance the social belief in the rule of law, so as to improve the national legal thinking mode and speed up the process of rule of law China.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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