我国死刑案件有效辩护制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 09:46

本文关键词： 判断标准有效辩护无效辩护之诉　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国死刑案件的司法实务中,辩护律师是实现控辩平等对抗,保障被追诉人获得公正审判的最主要的辩护力量。但是,近年来频频上演着死刑冤案、错案,例如念斌投毒案、呼格吉勒图案、聂树斌案……这一桩桩冤假错案与不完善的司法体制不无关系,然而我们也不得不反思:在死刑案件中,辩护律师究竟发挥了多大的作用?死刑案件被追诉人的辩护权又得到了多大程度的保障?关注有效辩护,构建我国死刑案件的有效辩护制度,才能使辩护律师尽职尽责地捍卫被追诉人的生命,让死刑案件被追诉人的辩护权得到实质上的保障,从而实现公正审判以防止冤假错案的发生。我国现阶段的研究大多是针对广义的有效辩护,侧重于探讨对律师辩护权行使的保障。本文探讨的是狭义的有效辩护,侧重的是辩护律师的不尽职辩护导致被追诉人诉讼权利遭受损害的现状,并且探讨确保有效辩护所采取的相应的救济措施——提起无效辩护之诉。文章在引言部分交代了本文的研究对象,介绍了有效辩护的制度发展。在我国,有效辩护应当从两个方面进行阐释:其一,有效辩护要求律师辩护的实质有效性;其二,有效辩护不仅仅是一种理念,更是一种制度。第一部分分析了我国死刑案件律师辩护的现状:第一,辩护律师违反热忱代理原则导致的消极辩护、辩护律师自身不称职导致的怠于辩护、表演性辩护、无理辩护等现象;第二,我国死刑案件律师有效辩护法律法规的缺失,目前我国法律法规对于辩护律师的违法违规行为,比如任意收费、扰乱法庭秩序、私下会见办案法官与检察官等进行了约束,但是对于辩护律师的不称职、不尽责、无效辩护问题,却没有制定专门的法律法规进行规范。此外,针对律师辩护存在的上述问题,本文从经济、思想文化与制度三个方面进行了原因分析。第二部分探讨了美国死刑案件的有效辩护制度。美国有效辩护的判断标准为律师的辩护质量提供了实体上的评判机制,无效辩护之诉制度则提供了辩护质量程序上的救济措施。第三部分借鉴美国的有效辩护制度,对我国死刑案件有效辩护制度的构建提供了两方面的建议。一方面根据我国现阶段的法律法规与案件的现实情况制定死刑案件有效辩护的指导性文件,作为对被追诉人有效辩护权保障的事先预防;另一方面建立无效辩护之诉制度,作为死刑案件律师辩护的程序性救济机制。有效辩护制度,判断律师的辩护是否达到了有效的标准,并对无效辩护进行了程序上的救济,赋予无效辩护被追诉人重新获得一次被公正审判的机会。我们国家的司法改革逐步推进,律师的执业环境得到了一定程度的改善,学术理论界与司法实务界开始进一步关注律师辩护质量的判断标准以及救济问题。
[Abstract]:In the judicial practice of death penalty cases in our country, the defense lawyer is the most important defense force to realize the equal confrontation between the prosecution and the defense and to ensure that the accused can obtain a fair trial. However, in recent years, there have been frequent unjust cases of the death penalty, wrong cases, such as the case of Nianbin poisoning. Huugjilt case, Nie Shubin case. This case of wrongs and wrongs has something to do with the imperfect judicial system. However, we also have to reflect: in death penalty cases, how much role have defense lawyers played? To what extent has the right to defense of the person prosecuted in the death penalty case been protected? Only by paying attention to the effective defense and constructing the effective defense system of the death penalty case in our country, can the defense counsel protect the life of the accused person with due diligence, and the right of defense of the person prosecuted in the death penalty case can be ensured substantially. In order to achieve a fair trial to prevent the occurrence of miscarriage of justice cases, most of the current research in our country is focused on the broad sense of effective defense, focusing on the protection of the exercise of lawyers' right to defense. This article discusses the narrow sense of effective defense. Focusing on the current situation where the non-due diligence of defence counsel results in the infringement of the litigant's rights of the accused, It also discusses the corresponding relief measures taken to ensure effective defense-the prosecution of invalid defense. In the introduction, the article explains the research object of this article, and introduces the system development of effective defense. The effective defense should be explained from two aspects: first, the effective defense requires the substantive validity of the lawyer's defense; second, the effective defense is not only a kind of idea, The first part analyzes the current situation of lawyers' defense in death penalty cases in our country. Unreasonable defense and other phenomena; second, the absence of effective defense laws and regulations for lawyers in death penalty cases, and the current illegal and illegal acts of defense lawyers in our country's laws and regulations, such as arbitrary fees, which disturb the order of the court. Private meetings with judges and prosecutors have been restricted, but no specific laws and regulations have been formulated to regulate the incompetence, indiligence and invalidity of defence counsel. In addition, in response to the above-mentioned problems existing in lawyers' defence, This paper analyzes the reasons from three aspects of economy, ideology, culture and system. The second part discusses the effective defense system in death penalty cases in the United States. The judgment standard of effective defense in the United States provides a substantial judgment mechanism for the defense quality of lawyers. The litigation system of invalid defense provides relief measures in the procedure of defense quality. The third part draws lessons from the effective defense system of the United States. It provides two suggestions for the construction of effective defense system of death penalty cases in our country. On the one hand, according to the current laws and regulations of our country and the reality of the cases, the guiding documents for effective defense of death penalty cases are formulated. On the other hand, to establish the system of invalid defense, as the procedural relief mechanism of lawyers' defense in death penalty cases, and the effective defense system, Judge whether the lawyer's defense has met the effective standard, and have provided procedural relief to the invalid defense, giving the defendant a chance to get a fair trial again. The judicial reform in our country is progressing step by step. The practice environment of lawyers has been improved to a certain extent, academic theory and judicial practice have begun to pay more attention to the judgment standard and relief of lawyers' defense quality.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.1

【相似文献】