环境民事公益诉讼中的调解制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:15

本文关键词： 环境民事公益诉讼调解制度完善　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代社会经济的飞速发展,我国已经出现了各种各样的环境污染现象,比如江河水质变坏,空气雾霾,植被面积缩小等等,这些现象的发生严重影响了我国公民的生活水平,拉低了我国公民的生活质量,环境现状也似乎快要承受不起人们生存所需的最基本的要求。正是因为环境遭受破坏的程度到了如此紧迫的危急境地,我国法律才需要完善已有的环境法规维护环境,构建新的制度来加大保护环境的力度。其中最应该得到我们重视的当属环境民事公益诉讼,环境民事公益诉讼的诞生正是为了解决我国越来越严重的环境污染问题。环境公益诉讼,是为了保护我们赖以生存的环境,维护环境公共利益而设立的一种专门解决环境纠纷的诉讼类型。当环境遭受污染或者破坏时,可以由法律规定的一些特定主体行使诉权,针对环境侵害人提起环境民事公益诉讼。我国于2012年新修改的《民事诉讼法》中首次以条文的形式确立了公益诉讼的地位,并且谈及了涉及环境公益的公益诉讼类型;而调解制度在环境民事公益诉讼中的适用则是在2015年颁布实施的《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的解释》(以下简称《民诉法解释》)中明确规定,其还规定了调解解决环境纠纷所成功达成的调解协议要进行公告,以及三十日的公告期限定。2015年施行的《最高人民法院关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《最高院解释》)也对环境民事公益诉讼中调解达成的协议必须进行公告做出了规定。尽管调解可以适用于环境民事公益诉讼已经得到了我国法律的肯定,但是调解在适用中的具体程序还没有详细的规定,为其设立的公示制度也存在着诸多的缺陷。调解制度在环境民事公益诉讼中的实际应用存在很多问题,首先就是环境民事公益诉讼中缺乏对调解适用时间的限制;其次,调解协议的公示制度不够完善,我国法律只是明确了调解协议必须要经过公示,但具体的对其如何公示、在哪儿公示、公示后的处理程序等等都没有详细的规定;最后,我国环境民事公益诉讼中调解达成的协议内容应当包括哪些也没有明确的范围设定,而为了保证调解的双方当事人能够实际履行协议约定的义务,对调解协议的内容应当做出一些规制。而针对上述所说的我国环境民事公益诉讼中调解适用尚存在的这些问题,笔者在本文中给出了自己的一些建议。第一,对调解在环境民事公益诉讼中的适用时间做出规定,笔者赞同庭审后进行调解的做法,至于原因,将在后文中进行阐述;第二,我们要完善环境民事公益诉讼中调解的公示审查制度,比如扩大环境民事公益诉讼中调解协议的公示区域,增加关于调解协议的具体内容的规定,建立公示异议制度以及继续完善已有的公示审查制度;这些具体的内容都将在本论文的正文中进行论述。笔者希望,通过本文对调解在环境民事公益诉讼中具体适用制度的研究,能够为我国环境案件的圆满解决提供有益的见解,并为我国的环境保护事业贡献一点微薄之力。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern society and economy, our country has appeared the phenomenon of environmental pollution of all kinds, such as rivers, deterioration of water quality, air haze, vegetation area and so on, this phenomenon has seriously affected the living standards of Chinese citizens, lower the quality of life of our citizens, environmental status also seems to be under the most basic requirement of people to survive. It is because of the extent of the damage to the critical situation is so urgent, the law of our country only need to improve the existing environmental laws and regulations to protect the environment and build a new system to increase efforts to protect the environment. We should get the most attention is the environmental civil public interest litigation the birth of the environmental public interest litigation is to solve China's environmental pollution problem more and more serious. The environmental public interest litigation is to protect our living environment, dimension A special type of litigation to resolve environmental disputes and the establishment of environmental protection public interest. When the environment is polluted or damaged, can some specific subject by law right of action for environmental infringement filed environmental civil litigation. "The civil procedure law in China in 2012 and revised for the first time in the form of provisions. To establish the status of public interest litigation, and talked about the environmental public interest litigation involving types; and mediation in environmental civil public interest litigation is the explanations of the Supreme People's Court promulgated in 2015" on the application of People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law (hereinafter referred to as the "civil procedure law interpretation >) specified in the provisions the mediation to resolve environmental disputes successfully reached a mediation agreement to make an announcement, and the thirty day notice period limit the Supreme People's court.2015 2010" off On Several Issues concerning the trial of civil environmental public interest litigation case law applicable to the interpretation of "(hereinafter referred to as the" Supreme Court Interpretation >) of the environment civil public interest litigation mediation agreement must notice provisions. Although mediation can be applied to environmental civil litigation law of our country has been affirmed, but the specific procedures for mediation the application of no detailed provisions for the establishment of the public system also has many defects. In the practical application of mediation system in civil environmental public interest litigation has many problems, the first is the lack of mediation applicable time limit of environmental civil public interest litigation; secondly, the mediation agreement publicity system is not perfect, I our law only defined the mediation agreement must go through publicity, but the specific how to publicity to it, where is the publicity, publicity after the treatment procedures are not. Fine provisions; finally, the agreement of China's environmental public interest litigation in civil mediation reached should include what there is no clear scope for mutual guarantee, the parties can actually perform the mediation agreement obligations, on the content of the mediation agreement shall make some regulation. And for the environment civil public interest litigation in our country the the mediation application still exist these problems, the author gives some suggestions in this paper. First, the provisions of the applicable time in mediation in civil environmental public interest litigation, the author agrees with the court after mediation practice, as for the reason, will be described in this article; second, we want to mediation the public review system to improve the environment civil public interest litigation, such as mediation agreement to expand the environmental civil public interest litigation in the public area, increase on the specific content of the mediation agreement. The establishment of the publicity, the objection system and continue to improve the existing public review system; the specific content of these will be discussed in this paper. The author hopes that through this study on Mediation in civil environmental public interest litigation in the specific application of the system, it can provide useful insights for our environmental cases solved, and for the environmental protection in China to contribute a meager strength.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.68

【相似文献】