风险社会下的法律面向探析

发布时间：2018-04-17 02:13

本文选题：风险社会 + 风险决策　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着分享经济的快速发展以及科技创新工程的不断推进,因技术理性异化而衍生的各类社会风险问题已然造成了现代社会对生存危机的普遍担忧。尤其是现代风险社会中,大量的、复杂的、多元的不确定性风险加剧了社会秩序的混沌和无序现象。基于技术异化所引发的各类风险及其潜在威胁已经远远超出了传统社会里构建的安全机制所能控制的风险范围。与此同时,在不确定性的风险面前,现行法律制度也暴露出诸多弊端,各类社会主体因无法在既定的风险治理法律框架内依照传统思维找到合理的解决模式而陷入深度的恐慌之中。面对日益加剧的风险危机,任何个体都无法承受其可能造成的损失。当人性的脆弱不断遭受到来自各方面不确定性威胁之时,所有社会主体都将面向未来而理性决策。个体如何理性地探寻到从源头上遏制风险、消减灾害的有效方法将成为整个风险社会的关键性议题。因此,有必要首先从“风险社会”中“风险”特征的识别着手,厘清风险与风险社会的辩证关系,具体分析风险的“不确定性”的表象及其成因。为正确处风险与法律规制的关系,兼顾风险冲突各方的利益需求,从法社会学和法哲学的角度对现行法律制度进行建设性的批判和反思。从风险的形成及其法律归责与救济、风险的评估及其决策模式的优化以及风险的防控及其法律应对策略等三个面向全面分析风险与法律之间的互动关系,并结合经济学、社会心理学等其他学科知识,剖析现行法律制度在治理风险中所面临的困境,以期达到正确认识风险和法律关系的目的。全面防控风险及其潜在威胁,理应创设性地实行多种治理方式。从“情感/体验”认知模式与法律对策的完善、“理性/分析”认知模式与成本收益的运用、“风险厌恶”认知差异与风险分摊的制度调控等三个维度探索科学、合理且可行的法律治理策略。具体而言,从规制主体的角度考虑,实行公力救济“私人化”的复合治理模式;从风险治理的法律技术角度而言,建立多元化的法律规制模式,即实行“可替代解纷程序”和“因地制宜调解”的方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of sharing economy and the continuous advancement of science and technology innovation project, various kinds of social risk problems arising from the alienation of technological rationality have caused widespread worry about survival crisis in modern society.Especially in the modern risk society, the chaos and disorder of the social order are aggravated by a large number of, complex and multivariate uncertain risks.All kinds of risks and their potential threats caused by technology alienation are far beyond the risk range that can be controlled by the security mechanism established in traditional society.At the same time, in the face of the uncertainty of the risk, the current legal system also exposed many drawbacks,All kinds of social subjects fall into deep panic because they can not find a reasonable solution mode according to traditional thinking within the established legal framework of risk management.In the face of a growing risk crisis, no individual can afford its possible losses.When the vulnerability of human nature is constantly threatened by uncertainty from all aspects, all social entities will face the future and make rational decisions.How to rationally explore the effective methods to contain the risk and reduce the disaster from the source will become the key issue in the whole risk society.Therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of "risk" in "risk society", clarify the dialectical relationship between risk and risk society, and analyze the appearance and causes of "uncertainty" of risk.In order to correctly deal with the relationship between risk and legal regulation and to take into account the interests needs of the parties involved in the risk conflict, the author makes constructive criticism and reflection on the current legal system from the angles of sociology of law and philosophy of law.This paper analyzes the interaction between risk and law from three aspects: the formation of risk and its legal liability and relief, the optimization of risk assessment and its decision-making mode, the prevention and control of risk and its legal countermeasures, and the combination of economics.Based on the knowledge of other subjects such as social psychology, this paper analyzes the predicament that the current legal system faces in managing risks, in order to realize the aim of correctly understanding the relationship between risk and law.Comprehensive prevention and control of risks and potential threats, should be created to implement a variety of governance.It explores science from the three dimensions of "emotion / experience" cognitive mode and legal countermeasures, "rational / analytical" cognitive mode and the application of cost and income, and "risk aversion" cognitive difference and institutional regulation of risk allocation.Reasonable and feasible legal management strategy.Specifically, from the perspective of the subject of regulation, we should implement the compound governance model of "privatizing" public relief, and from the angle of legal and technical aspects of risk management, establish a diversified mode of legal regulation.That is, the implementation of "alternative dispute resolution procedures" and "mediation according to local conditions."
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

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