污染型环境犯罪案件证据制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 22:33

本文选题：污染型环境犯罪 + 举证责任倒置　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态文明的理念成为当下我国经济社会发展的新指导思想,社会各个要素都需要做出应对生态要求的调整。刑法作为保护生态环境的最严厉手段,应当筑起最坚实的屏障。但其在危害后果最为严重的污染型环境犯罪案件的处理中还存在证据制度上的瓶颈。污染型环境犯罪案件因其证据的取证难、因果关系的证明难,按照一般刑事案件的办案逻辑往往困顿难行,甚至容易导致“以罚代刑”的不利后果,致使很多犯罪分子逍遥法外。为了尽快完善我国的环境刑法,完善我国的环境刑事诉讼制度,发挥刑法对于生态环境的保障作用。在污染型环境犯罪案件的处理过程中应当参照民法、行政法相关案件的特殊证据制度,借鉴发达国家的先进经验,对我国现有证据制度进行完善。在一定程度上适用举证责任倒置制度,对于控辩双方的证明范围、证明标准做出相应的调整,并统筹好环保机关、侦查机关、检察机关的工作。文章具体结构及主要内容如下:第一章对污染型环境犯罪案件的基本问题进行界定,区分该类环境犯罪案件与其他环境犯罪案件的不同,并指出了该类案件的特征及我国当前的立法现状。第二章从必要性的角度阐述了应当完善污染型环境犯罪案件证据制度的理由。分析了该类案件证据的特点,指出了以审判为中心的诉讼改革方向,最后以经济社会发展的需要和刑诉法的价值要求说明了完善证据制度的迫切性。第三章梳理了我国环境诉讼证据制度的现状和不足,这些不足主要体现在立法和司法两个方面,通过现状的呈现和分析,能够总结出导致这些不足的原因。第四章以国外先进刑事证据制度为借鉴,从大陆法系和英美法系两个角度考察,并对于典型的特殊证据制度、证据规则进行了探究,为我国环境刑事证据制度的完善路径打好理论和实践基础。第五章以前述分析为基础,从举证责任倒置这一关键完善环节为起点,以此构建了举证责任倒置、证明范围、证明标准、行政证据向刑事证据转化四个完善建议,为我国下一步的环境刑事法律修正提供参考范式。
[Abstract]:The concept of ecological civilization has become the new guiding ideology of our country's economic and social development. As the most severe means to protect the ecological environment, criminal law should build the strongest barrier. However, there is still a bottleneck in the evidence system in dealing with the most serious environmental crime cases. Because of the difficulty of obtaining evidence and proving causality, the cases of environmental crime of pollution type are often difficult to carry out according to the logic of handling cases in general criminal cases, and even lead to the adverse consequences of "replacing punishment with punishment". Many criminals go unpunished. In order to perfect our country's environmental criminal law as soon as possible, perfect our country's environmental criminal procedure system, give play to the safeguard function of criminal law to the ecological environment. We should refer to the special evidence system of civil law and administrative law and use the advanced experience of developed countries for reference to perfect the existing evidence system in our country. To a certain extent, the inverted system of burden of proof is applied to adjust the scope and standard of proof of both sides of prosecution and defense, and to coordinate the work of environmental protection organs, investigation organs and procuratorial organs. The specific structure and main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter defines the basic problems of pollution-type environmental crime cases and distinguishes them from other environmental crimes cases. It also points out the characteristics of this kind of cases and the current legislative situation of our country. The second chapter expounds the reasons why we should perfect the evidence system of pollution-type environmental crime cases from the point of view of necessity. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the evidence in this kind of cases, points out the direction of litigation reform centered on the trial, and finally explains the urgency of perfecting the evidence system with the needs of the economic and social development and the value requirements of the criminal procedure law. The third chapter combs the current situation and the insufficiency of the evidence system of environmental litigation in our country. These deficiencies are mainly reflected in the legislative and judicial aspects. Through the presentation and analysis of the present situation, the reasons leading to these deficiencies can be summed up. The fourth chapter takes foreign advanced criminal evidence system as reference, from two angles of continental law system and common law system, and probes into the typical special evidence system and evidence rules. Lay a good theoretical and practical foundation for the perfect path of our country's environmental criminal evidence system. The fifth chapter is based on the foregoing analysis, starting from the key link of the inversion of the burden of proof, so as to construct four perfect suggestions: the inversion of the burden of proof, the scope of proof, the standard of proof, and the transformation of administrative evidence into criminal evidence. It provides the reference paradigm for the next revision of environmental criminal law in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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