马克思主义生态观视野下生态补偿法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 19:12

本文选题：生态文明 + 马克思主义生态观　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,但经济发展的同时一系列生态问题也随之而来。大气污染、水污染、西部荒漠化、水土流失等环境问题频频发生,这不仅给国民经济造成严重损失,还给社会稳定带来很大的负面影响。事实上,生态危机已经严重制约了我国国民经济的发展,这是我国必须要面对的基本国情。在此背景下,党的十八届三中全会提出要全面建设生态文明,建立系统完整的生态文明制度体制,用制度保护生态环境。明确生态环境在人类社会发展中的地位和作用,改变传统的“环境资源无价”观念,通过对生态环境资源的优化配置,引导人们在尊重自然规律的前提之下,合理地开发、利用和保护生态环境,促进我国经济和环境的和谐发展。生态补偿制度对于生态环境保护而言意义重大。它以马克思主义生态观为指导,以利益和秩序为逻辑起点,追求正义和可持续发展的价值目标,运用经济手段来调整相关利益主体之间的权利义务关系。我国在中央和地方立法上对生态补偿制度作出了相关规定,实践上政府通过财政补贴、设立生态补偿基金和征收税费等方式开展了项目实践,但仍存在很多问题,不能满足可持续发展战略实施的紧迫需要。生态补偿制度缺少一个完善的立法体系、补偿主体不明确、补偿标准不合理、补偿资金不充足、市场功效发挥程度低等问题,严重影响了生态补偿制度功能的正常发挥。针对我国生态补偿立法和实践的不足,借鉴国外生态补偿的有益经验,在马克思主义生态观的指导下,提出一些完善我国生态补偿法律制度的建议:制定统一的《生态补偿法》,完善地方生态补偿法规,构建一个完善的生态补偿法律体系;明确政府、社会组织和受益人是生态补偿的补偿主体;制定体现社会公平正义、补偿意愿且符合社会经济发展水平的补偿标准;通过完善生态环境要素的产权归属,促进政府和市场融合,更好地发挥市场经济在生态补偿中的作用;完善我国财政转移支付制度和环保领域的投融资体系,保障生态补偿资金充足。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, but economic development at the same time a series of ecological problems also followed. Environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, desertification in western China and soil erosion occur frequently, which not only cause serious losses to the national economy, but also bring great negative effects on social stability. In fact, the ecological crisis has seriously restricted the development of China's national economy, which must be faced with the basic national conditions. Under this background, the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed that the ecological civilization should be built in an all-round way, the system of ecological civilization should be established and the ecological environment should be protected by the system. Make clear the position and function of ecological environment in the development of human society, change the traditional idea of "environmental resources being priceless", guide people to develop reasonably under the premise of respecting the laws of nature by optimizing the allocation of ecological environment resources. Utilize and protect the ecological environment, promote the harmonious development of our country's economy and environment. Ecological compensation system is of great significance to ecological environment protection. It is guided by Marxist ecological view, takes interests and order as the logical starting point, pursues the value goal of justice and sustainable development, and adjusts the relationship between rights and obligations among relevant stakeholders by economic means. In China, the central and local legislations have made relevant provisions on the ecological compensation system. In practice, the government has carried out project practice by means of financial subsidies, the establishment of ecological compensation funds and the collection of taxes and fees, but there are still many problems. Can not meet the urgent needs of the implementation of sustainable development strategy. The ecological compensation system lacks a perfect legislative system, the main body of compensation is not clear, the compensation standard is unreasonable, the compensation fund is not sufficient, and the market efficiency is low, which seriously affects the normal function of the ecological compensation system. In view of the deficiency of the legislation and practice of ecological compensation in our country, and drawing on the beneficial experience of foreign countries, under the guidance of Marxist ecological view, Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legal system of ecological compensation in our country: to formulate a unified ecological compensation law, to perfect the local ecological compensation laws and regulations, to construct a perfect legal system of ecological compensation, to make clear the government, Social organizations and beneficiaries are the main body of compensation for ecological compensation; formulate compensation standards that reflect social equity and justice, compensation will and accord with the level of social and economic development; promote the integration of government and market by perfecting the ownership of property rights of ecological environmental elements. Better play the role of market economy in ecological compensation, improve the financial transfer payment system and investment and financing system in the field of environmental protection, and ensure that the ecological compensation funds are sufficient.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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