论毒品再犯制度之立法完善

发布时间：2018-04-27 16:51

本文选题：毒品再犯 + 累犯　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国毒品犯罪形势依旧严峻,特别是毒品再犯问题尤为突出,需要创设一套新的专门针对毒品再犯的刑罚体系来减少和预防毒品犯罪。现行刑法的毒品再犯制度的特征有三,一是评价内容的特定性,这也是由当前严峻形势下毒品犯罪的特殊性所决定的;二是量刑情节的偏重性,与毒品犯罪人的人身危险性和主观恶性息息相关;三是与累犯制度的异种性,正是因为毒品再犯制度与累犯制度的异种性区别,与累犯制度较为完备的法律规定相比,毒品再犯在法条设置上确有诸多不当之处,必须加以完善。以往学术界关于毒品再犯制度的定性总是围绕在“特别累犯说”与“特别再犯说”之间,但两种学说自身都存在着一些缺陷,因而始终没有形成一个统一的定论。可以把毒品再犯制度定性为弥补累犯制度不能对再犯严重毒品犯罪情形时从重处罚的特殊条款。这既厘清了毒品再犯制度与累犯制度之间关系,也为正确解读该条规定之内容并进行司法适用提供了合理的逻辑起点。要以特殊预防功能之体现与刑罚个别化价值之要求为完善依据,对毒品再犯制度的成立条件进行了合理限定调整,将毒品再犯的前罪范围扩大至刑法分则第六章第七节规定的全部毒品犯罪,并且加入散见于刑法其他章节中的涉毒犯罪。把前后罪的时间限定在前罪刑罚执行完毕或者赦免后的二十年之内,只将那些因贩卖毒品罪被判处五年以上有期徒刑被赦免或者刑罚执行完毕以后,十年以内再犯应当被判处五年以上有期徒刑的贩卖毒品罪的未成年人犯罪人纳入毒品再犯制度的打击范围。并且前后罪的刑种条件应当设立为被判处拘役以上刑罚的,排除缓刑与假释的适用。最后,在刑法总则第四章第二节中设立新的毒品再犯制度的具体立法规定,形成统一的再犯制度体系。
[Abstract]:At present, the situation of drug crime in our country is still severe, especially the problem of drug recidivism. It is necessary to create a new penalty system for drug recidivism to reduce and prevent drug crimes. There are three characteristics of the drug recidivism system in the current criminal law, one is the specificity of the evaluation content, which is also determined by the particularity of the drug crime under the current severe situation, the other is the emphasis on the circumstances of sentencing. It is closely related to the personal danger and subjective malignancy of drug offenders. The third is the heterogeneity of recidivism system, which is precisely because of the heterogeneity difference between drug recidivism system and recidivism system, and compared with the more complete legal provisions of recidivism system. Drug recidivism in the provisions of the law is indeed a lot of improper, must be improved. In the past, the nature of drug recidivism in academic circles was always centered between "special recidivism" and "special recidivism", but there were some defects in the two theories themselves, so they never formed a unified conclusion. The drug recidivism system can be characterized as a special clause which makes up for the recidivism system which can not be severely punished when the serious drug crime is committed again. This not only clarifies the relationship between drug recidivism system and recidivism system, but also provides a reasonable logical starting point for the correct interpretation of the content of the article and judicial application. On the basis of the embodiment of special preventive function and the demand of individualized penalty, the establishment conditions of drug recidivism system should be rationally limited and adjusted. The scope of the former crime of drug recidivism is extended to all the drug-related crimes stipulated in Chapter VI, Section VII of the Criminal Law, and the drug-related crimes which are scattered in other sections of the Criminal Law are added. Limit the time of the former crime to 20 years after the execution of the former crime's punishment or pardon, and only those who have been sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years for the crime of drug trafficking or after the execution of the sentence has been completed, Minor offenders who should be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than five years for drug trafficking within 10 years shall be included in the scope of the drug recidivism system. And if the conditions of punishment before and after the crime should be established as criminal detention or above, the application of probation and parole shall be excluded. Finally, in chapter four, section two of the general principles of criminal law, the author sets up the specific legislative provisions of the new drug recidivism system and forms a unified recidivism system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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