论我国个人信息的刑法保护

发布时间：2018-07-06 19:39

本文选题：个人信息 + 隐私权　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着信息化程度的提高以及科学技术的迅猛发展,个人信息被越来越简单的进行收集、处理及传递。这就导致越来越多的个人信息被不当收集或者恶意使用。受到当今社会“信息”代表的潜在的巨大经济利益的驱使,一些个人或组织不顾职业道德和自身担负的保密义务,将其所掌握的数量庞大的个人信息出售给他人并从中谋取巨额利益。在我国部分地区甚至已经形成了相关的黑色产业链,犯罪组织和个人以获得数量巨大的个人信息为基础,展开其他诸如绑架、诈骗、敲诈勒索等犯罪,导致了一系列严重的社会问题。与侵犯个人信息的行为愈发猖獗之现象不相匹配的是,我国有关个人信息的法律保护起步较晚,而且没有形成完备的法律保护体系。在《刑法修正案(七)》颁布实施之后,我国才将个人信息正式纳入刑法保护,在此之前,对我国个人信息的保护仅散见于一些法律法规之中。除了保护力度不够之外,保护范围也颇为狭窄,仅局限于特定的领域或者局限于特定的保护对象。随着时代的发展,个人信息的价值已受到社会各界越来越多的关注,立法机关也不断开展对个人信息的立法保护工作,授权专家学者成立课题组,考察国外个人信息保护的立法模式,研究我国《个人信息保护法》的可行性;同时将较为严重的两种侵犯个人信息行为纳入刑法规制范围之中。在2015年对刑法典进行修订时,又对这两个罪名的主体范围、入罪条件、法定刑等都进行了一定的修改。此次修改,除了将两个罪名加以合并外,整体看来也加大了对个人信息犯罪的处罚力度,可见我国对于个人信息保护的决心。在2017年5月8日,最高人民法院和最高人民检察院在京联合召开新闻发布会,公布了《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》)。该《解释》明确了一些关于侵犯公民个人信息罪在实践中争议较多的问题。例如:明确了个人信息的范围、定罪量刑标准等问题。然而我们也应该认识到,我国目前对于个人信息的刑法保护仍然存在诸多不足:首先,关于本罪的刑法条文规定过于笼统,将“非法获取公民个人信息”与“非法提供公民个人信息”简单合并成“侵犯公民个人信息罪”,但是却并没有增加其他行为方式,此举是否多余存在质疑;其次,关于“个人信息”的定义,虽然在最新的解释中予以简单定义,但是关于“个人信息”的性质特征等仍存在很大争议,以及依然没有删除“个人信息”之前的“公民”这一前置定语,空白罪状的设置依然不合理;再次关于本罪的起诉模式等还存在很多可待完善的地方;最后,仍未构建关于个人信息保护的法律体系。面对以上诸多亟待解决的问题,本文通过分析国外相关刑事立法,提取可以为我国个人信息保护利用之处,结合目前我国刑法对个人信息的保护问题中仍然存在的缺陷,提出相应的完善建议。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of information technology and the rapid development of science and technology, personal information is more and more simple to collect, deal with and transmit. This leads to more and more personal information being misused or used maliciously. It is driven by the potential huge economic benefits of the "information" of today's society, and some individuals or organizations are not. In the part of our country, the black industry chain has even been formed in some parts of our country. Criminal organizations and individuals, based on the information of a large number of individuals, carry out other such as kidnapping and fraud. Crimes such as extortion, such as extortion, have led to a series of serious social problems. The legal protection of personal information in our country started relatively late and did not form a complete legal protection system. After the enactment and implementation of the criminal law amendment (seven), our country has put personal information in China. Prior to the protection of criminal law, the protection of personal information in our country was only scattered in some laws and regulations. In addition to the lack of protection, the scope of protection was rather narrow, limited to specific areas or limited to specific protection objects. With the development of the times, the value of personal information has been increasingly valued by all walks of life. More attention, the legislative organs also continuously carry out the legislative protection of personal information, authorizing experts and scholars to set up a project group, investigating the legislative model of foreign personal information protection, and studying the feasibility of the personal information protection law in China; at the same time, the two more serious violations of personal information are included in the scope of criminal law regulation. 201 When the criminal code was revised in 5 years, some amendments were made to the scope of the two charges, the conditions of the crime and the legal punishment. In addition to the merger of the two crimes, the overall view also increased the punishment for the personal information crime, and the determination of the protection of personal information in our country. In May 8, 2017, The Supreme People's court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly held a press conference in Beijing to announce the interpretation of the Supreme People's court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate Concerning the application of laws on the application of the criminal cases of infringement of personal information on citizens (hereinafter referred to as < interpretation >). There are many issues in dispute. For example, the scope of personal information and the standard of conviction and sentencing are clearly defined. However, we should also realize that there are still many shortcomings in the criminal law protection of personal information. First, the provisions of the criminal law are too general to be "illegally obtained personal information" and "illegal" "Personal information for citizens" simply merge into the crime of infringement of personal information of citizens, but it does not increase other ways of behavior. Whether this is redundant is doubted. Secondly, the definition of "personal information" is simply defined in the latest interpretation, but it still exists in the nature of "personal information". In dispute, and still without deleting "personal information" before the "citizen" prefix, the setting of the blank charge is still unreasonable; again there are many places to be improved about the mode of prosecution of the crime. Finally, the legal system about the protection of personal information is still not constructed. Through the analysis of foreign related criminal legislation, this paper extracts the places that can be used for the protection and utilization of personal information in our country, and puts forward some suggestions for improving the problems still existing in the protection of personal information in our country's criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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