乡村治理场域中农村新型社会组织参与困境与发展路径研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 15:05

【摘要】：21世纪以来,伴随市场化与民主化的纵深迈进,乡村社会的社会组织如雨后春笋般出现,并以积极姿态参与乡村治理。但是农村地区传统的社会组织多是依靠自身力量提供公共产品与公共服务,在参与乡村治理的实践中面临诸多制度性与能力性等诸多困境,不仅不能满足当前农村地区公共需求多元化的现状,而且也不能很好地实现组织目标。通过对“国家—社会”框架下乡村治理的历史沿革分析,现在的“乡政村治”模式已无法解决当前乡村社会治理中所出现的种种问题。因此,乡村社会治理的诸多难题倒逼对新的乡村治理模式的探索,需要以社会组织为核心的多元主体以新的形式参与到乡村治理的实践中。一方面,重新反思“国家—社会”关系,并达成可以“相互增权”的共识；另一方面,重新审视长期以来“国家—社会”边界的模糊性,并确定这种模糊性在短期内难以消除。这两种社会现实为新型社会组织以嵌入模式参与乡村治理提供可行性：一方面,政府要改变传统农村社会组织单打独斗,资源缺乏与能力不足的局面,而重新审视社会组织对政府天然的依附特性,并多管齐下将此特性发展成为内在主动性。另一方面,社会组织充分依靠政府所提供的资源发展自身,并积极将自身的运行嵌入到政府现有的治理结构中,从而实现两个主体之间的相互增权。这种依托政府扶持而成立,并在公共领域与政府交构与耦合的新型社会组织,其真正参与将成为当前乡村治理困境的破局之路。本论文以文献查阅的方式,对国内外乡村治理以及农村社会组织的发展历程以及研究成果以文献综述形式进行梳理。在此基础上,尝试以定量研究与定性研究相结合的方式对农村新型社会组织参与乡村治理的功能与困境进行研究,一方面使我们清晰认识在当前现实中,农村新型社会组织对乡村社会建设的重要性,另一方面,也能够清楚了解农村新型社会组织在参与乡村治理的过程中所面临的困境。并以这两方面的研究为基础,更有针对性地重点探讨如何推进农村新型社会组织更好地参与到乡村治理中去,以期促进美好乡村建设。本论文具体内容如下：第一章主要进行了研究背景与研究意义介绍；第二章梳理新中国建立以来乡村治理的历史沿革,并提出了以政府主导的社会组织、企业、公民个体等多元主体共同参与的“复合共治模式”已成为当前乡村治理现实的理性选择与必然选择；第三章对乡村治理以及农村新型社会组织的内涵分别进行界定,区分了此类社会组织与非政府组织的区别,并对新型社会组织参与乡村治理的运行机制进行介绍;第四章探讨了农村新型社会组织参与乡村治理所发挥的政治、经济、社会、文化等功能与所面临的制度供给、自身资源储备以及外部环境困境；第五章为本文的落脚点,意在探讨乡村治理场域下,农村新型社会组织在乡村治理中面临的困境如何破局,从而促进组织更好适应多元复合共治结构。第六章为总结与展望。现如今,全国各地在乡村治理中的创新实践虽然形式多样,但是其理论逻辑却趋于一致,姑且称为：复合共治——即政府主导下的以社会组织为核心、企业、公民个体等多元主体构成有机互动网络参与治理。本文借助这一概念来论述新形势下的乡村治理现实,但在新的历史时期赋予其独特内涵。本论文也只能探讨一般意义上的新型社会组织参与乡村治理的实践,对于如何能在充分观照现实的基础上,寻找适合于当地乡村治理的多样化方式,还需要将来进行深一层探讨,这也将是我以后关注的重点。
[Abstract]:Since the twenty-first Century, with the deepening of marketization and democratization, the social organizations of rural society have sprung up and participated in rural governance in a positive manner. However, the traditional social organizations in rural areas rely on their own strength to provide public goods and public services, and face many institutional characteristics in the practice of participating in rural governance. Many difficulties, such as ability and so on, can not meet the current situation of the pluralism of public demand in rural areas, and can not achieve the organizational goals well. Through the analysis of the historical evolution of rural governance under the framework of "state society", the present "township government village governance" model has not been able to solve the current rural social governance. Therefore, many problems in the rural social governance are forced to explore the new mode of rural governance. It is necessary to participate in the practice of rural governance in a new form with a new form of social organization as the core. On the one hand, rethink the "state society" relationship and reach a consensus that can "increase the power of each other"; on the other hand, Reviewing the vagueness of the "state society" boundary for a long time and determining that this kind of fuzziness is difficult to eliminate in the short term. These two social realities provide the feasibility for the new social organizations to participate in rural governance by embedding the model. On the one hand, the government should change the traditional rural social organizations to be single, lack of resources and lack of capacity. On the other hand, the social organization fully relies on the resources provided by the government to develop itself, and actively embeds its own operation into the government's existing governance structure, thus realizing the phase between the two subjects. The real participation of the new social organization, which is supported by the government and in the public sphere and the government and the government, will become the road to the dilemma of the current dilemma of rural governance. This paper is a literature review of the domestic and foreign rural governance and the development of rural social organizations and research results. On this basis, we try to study the functions and difficulties of rural new social organizations participating in rural governance by combining quantitative and qualitative research. On the one hand, we can clearly understand the importance of rural new social organizations to rural social construction in the current reality. On the other hand, we can also understand the importance of rural social construction. A clear understanding of the difficulties faced by the new rural social organizations in the process of participating in rural governance. Based on these two aspects, it is more focused on how to promote a new rural social organization to participate in rural governance better in order to promote the construction of a beautiful village. The contents of this paper are as follows: Chapter 1 The second chapter combs the historical evolution of rural governance since the founding of new China, and puts forward the "Compound Governance Model" with the participation of multiple subjects such as the government led social organizations, enterprises and individual individuals, which has become the rational choice and the inevitable choice of the current rural village governance reality. The third chapter respectively defines the connotation of rural governance and rural new social organizations, distinguishes the difference between such social organizations and non-governmental organizations, and introduces the operation mechanism of the new social organizations participating in rural governance; the fourth chapter discusses the political, economic and social aspects of the rural new social organizations participating in rural governance. The fifth chapter is the foothold of this article, which is intended to explore the dilemma of the new social organization in rural governance in the rural governance field, so as to promote the organization to better adapt to the multi compound co governance structure. The sixth chapter is the summary. Nowadays, the innovation practice of rural governance in all parts of the country is diverse, but its theoretical logic is consistent, and it is called compound governance, that is, the government led by the social organization as the core, the enterprise, the individual and other diverse subjects constitute the interactive network to participate in the governance. This paper discusses the reality of rural governance under the new situation, but gives its unique connotation in the new historical period. This paper can only discuss the practice of the new social organizations in the general sense of participation in rural governance. It is also necessary to find a variety of ways suitable for local village and village governance on the basis of full consideration of reality. On the first floor, this will also be the focus of my future attention.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D422.6;D632.9

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