“社会影响”的刑法意义研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 09:58

【摘要】：在我国刑事立法与司法中,非常重视社会影响对定罪量刑的影响。然而,刑法对社会影响却没有作出任何限制性的规定,使得社会影响成为一个刑法的灰色地带。刑法学界与司法实践却表现出截然相反的两种态度。因此,本文乃尝试论证的是,社会影响是否应当进入刑法评价领域的问题以及如何进入刑法的评价领域的问题。总体而言,本文是以论证社会影响在刑法体系中的定位作为贯穿始终的目标,所以文章的逻辑起点起于社会影响,也终于社会影响。为了较好地论证社会影响的刑法意义问题,本文作了如下章节安排。绪论部分主要通过几则事件说明社会影响已经从日常生活用语演化进入刑法领域,变成“刑法语言”,并对刑法领域中社会影响的研究现状作了简单介绍,指出社会影响虽在现实中普遍适用,但却处于尴尬地位,其在刑法体系中的定位问题始终没有解决。第一章通过对一则案例的分析,提出对社会影响在刑法体系中究竟怎样定位,进而探讨如何规范问题,实在有深入系统研究的必要性和迫切性。第二章运用社会学、语言学以及历史研究等方法,以刑法典、司法解释、裁判文书、最高人民法院指导案例以及最高人民检察院公报案例为对象,致力于对社会影响作系统的文本的考察,指出当前社会影响在刑法领域中用途多方面,表述多方面以及含义多方面,其不确定的现状是已经成为刑法理论以及刑事司法实践中的隐忧。第三章着重从法益这样一个整体的角度出发,探讨由于社会影响是否会影响作为犯罪本质的法益,并指出社会影响因具有很强的不稳定性和不确定性,可能无法其纳入集体法益的保护范畴,但法益不可否认具有刑事政策概念范畴,或许这正是作为社会影响与法益相联系的纽带,进而导致社会影响逐渐进入刑法评价。第四章主要在现有的以不法和有责为支柱的犯罪论体系中寻找社会影响的定性问题,指出社会影响因没有具体的含义,不具有限定犯罪范围的作用,而无法作为构成要件要素,然司法解释中很多将社会影响作为危害结果的表现之一,在这种情况下,社会影响是否能归属于客观的超过要素问题值得进一步探讨。第五章重点探讨社会影响应否属于量刑情节的定量问题,指出社会影响属于外在的因素,而非反映人身危险性本身,因而不能作为预防刑的裁量情节;社会影响作为国民对犯罪的反应和评价,可以在当前作为责任刑的考虑因素,但随着法治进程的不断推进,社会影响应当区别于理性的法律产物,继而逐渐淡出法律的评价范畴。第六章以社会影响进入刑法评价的原因分析切入,对社会影响适用所产生的理论与实践困境的揭示,论述在立法和司法中如何合理适用社会影响,进而提倡在刑法领域中对社会影响限制适用的观点,以期更为准确地完成“社会影响”规范适用的展示问题。
[Abstract]:In our country's criminal legislation and judicature, we attach great importance to the influence of social influence on conviction and sentencing. However, the criminal law does not make any restrictive provisions on the social impact, which makes the social impact a grey area of criminal law. However, criminal law and judicial practice show two opposite attitudes. Therefore, this paper tries to demonstrate whether social influence should enter the field of criminal law evaluation and how to enter the field of criminal law evaluation. In general, this paper aims to demonstrate the orientation of social influence in the criminal law system, so the logical starting point of the article is from the social influence, and finally the social impact. In order to demonstrate the criminal significance of social impact, this paper makes the following chapters. The introduction shows that the social influence has evolved from the daily life language into the criminal law field, and has made a brief introduction to the current research situation of the social impact in the criminal law field. It is pointed out that although social influence is generally applicable in reality, it is in an awkward position, and its orientation in the criminal law system has never been solved. The first chapter, through the analysis of a case, puts forward how to position the social influence in the criminal law system, and then discusses how to regulate the problem, it is necessary and urgent to study deeply and systematically. The second chapter applies the methods of sociology, linguistics and historical research to the criminal code, judicial interpretation, adjudication documents, the Supreme people's Court guiding cases and the Supreme people's Procuratorate Bulletin cases. Committed to the systematic examination of the text of the social impact, pointing out that the current social impact has many uses, many expressions and many meanings in the field of criminal law, The uncertain situation has become a hidden concern in criminal law theory and criminal judicial practice. The third chapter focuses on the perspective of legal interest as a whole, discusses whether the social impact will affect the legal interests as the essence of crime, and points out that the social impact has strong instability and uncertainty. It may not be brought into the protection category of collective legal interests, but legal interests can not deny the concept of criminal policy. Perhaps this is the link between social influence and legal interest, which leads to the gradual entry of social impact into criminal law evaluation. The fourth chapter mainly looks for the qualitative problem of social impact in the existing criminological system with illegal and responsible as the pillar, and points out that the social impact can not be regarded as a constitutive element because it has no specific meaning and does not have the function of limiting the scope of crime. However, in judicial interpretation, many people regard social influence as one of the harmful results. In this case, whether the social impact can be attributed to the objective and surpassing factors is worthy of further discussion. The fifth chapter mainly discusses whether the social influence should belong to the quantitative problem of sentencing circumstances, and points out that the social influence belongs to the external factors, not reflects the personal danger itself, so it can not be used as the discretion of the preventive punishment. Social impact, as a national reaction and evaluation to crime, can be regarded as the consideration of liability punishment at present. However, with the advancement of the process of rule of law, the social impact should be distinguished from the rational legal product. Then gradually fade out of the scope of legal evaluation. The sixth chapter analyzes the reasons why the social influence enters into the criminal law evaluation, reveals the theoretical and practical difficulties arising from the application of the social influence, and discusses how to apply the social influence reasonably in the legislation and judicature. Furthermore, the author advocates the view of limiting the application of social influence in the criminal law field, in order to display the application of the norms of "social impact" more accurately.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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