肯尼亚双边投资条约保护伞条款研究
发布时间：2022-09-30 12:32
在过去的30年中,双边投资协定（BIT）已经成为国际法下对外国投资进行规制的重要发展途径之一。双边投资协定通常由发达国家与发展中国家签订,目的是鼓励和保障外国投资。本文主要讨论一些双边投资协定中包含的保护伞条款。首先,为了更好地理解保护伞条款,本文对其进行了深入的研究,探讨了其概念、性质、趋势、起源以及发展。通过这些的研究有助于更清楚地理解为何在对保护伞条款的解释、范围和语言等方面仍旧存在争议。其次,本文更进一步地研究了肯尼亚双边投资协定中的保护伞条款,并且致力于回答以下问题:若保护伞条款是必不可少的,为何仅有四个双边投资协定中包含该条款?对已有的保护伞条款应采用何种解释方法?基于合同的索赔是否应纳入保护伞条款下?通过分析并试图回答以上问题,本文最终能对这些问题给出解释并减少关于保护伞条款争论背后的混乱。研究发现,大多数国家都选择将保护伞条款排除出双边投资协定,因为保护伞条款并非仅依照协定中的其他权利提供平行保护,它还包含了某些不一定符合公平公正待遇条款、充分保护和保障条款或征用条款的合同义务,从而扩大了协定的保护范围。围绕保护伞条款的争论和讨论还不止于此,本文提出应通过法律检查的方法...
【文章页数】：102 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN BITs
1.1 The Concept and Nature of Umbrella Clause
1.1.1 Definition of umbrella clause
1.1.2 The Importance of Umbrella Clause Literature in Bilateral Investment Treaties
1.1.3 Trends in The Umbrella Clause
1.2 Origin and development of the umbrella clause
1.3 The PROS and CONS of the umbrella clause
CHAPTER TWO APPLICABLE CONFLICTS OF THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE FROM AN ICSIDPRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE
2.1 Subject Scope of the Umbrella Clause
2.2 Conflicting interpretation of the UMBRELLA CLAUSE
2.2.1 Fedax NV V. Republic of Venezuela
2.2.2 SGS v. Pakistan and SGS v. Philippines
2.3 Distinguishing jure imperii from jure gestionis as a solution
2.4 Difference of procedure in contractual breach and treaty breach
2.5 Differences and limitations in application scope of the umbrella clause
2.5.1 Effective Application
2.5.2 Restrictive Application
CHAPTER THREE THE APPLICATION OF THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN KENYA BITs
3.1 Overview of the umbrella clauses in Kenya
3.1.1 Kenya- United Kingdom BIT(1999)
3.1.2 Kenya- Germany BIT(1996
3.1.3 Kenya- Switzerland BIT (2006)
3.1.4 Kenya- Slovakia BIT (2011)
3.1.5 Kenya- China BIT (2001)
3.2 Analysis of the umbrella clause in Kenya BITs
3.3 Other Kenya BITs without the umbrella clause
3.4 Kenya's take on international arbitration
3.5 Features of a developing country model BIT vs a developed country BIT
CHAPTER FOUR CONSUMMATE SUGGESTIONS TO THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN KENYA BITs
4.1 Background to China- Africa BITs
4.1.1 Evolution and trends in China's BITs
4.1.2 China's motivation for concluding BITs
4.2 China- Africa BITs and the Umbrella Clause
4.2.1 General Characteristics of China-Africa BITs
4.2.2 The umbrella clause in China BITs
4.3 Key questions regarding Kenya BITs and the umbrella clause
4.3.1 Why only 5 BITs in Kenya contain the umbrella clause
4.3.2 What interpretation should Kenya adapt regarding the umbrella clause
4.3.3 Should contractual claims be included in umbrella clause
Recommendations
Conclusions
REFERENCES
本文编号：3683560
【文章页数】：102 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN BITs
1.1 The Concept and Nature of Umbrella Clause
1.1.1 Definition of umbrella clause
1.1.2 The Importance of Umbrella Clause Literature in Bilateral Investment Treaties
1.1.3 Trends in The Umbrella Clause
1.2 Origin and development of the umbrella clause
1.3 The PROS and CONS of the umbrella clause
CHAPTER TWO APPLICABLE CONFLICTS OF THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE FROM AN ICSIDPRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE
2.1 Subject Scope of the Umbrella Clause
2.2 Conflicting interpretation of the UMBRELLA CLAUSE
2.2.1 Fedax NV V. Republic of Venezuela
2.2.2 SGS v. Pakistan and SGS v. Philippines
2.3 Distinguishing jure imperii from jure gestionis as a solution
2.4 Difference of procedure in contractual breach and treaty breach
2.5 Differences and limitations in application scope of the umbrella clause
2.5.1 Effective Application
2.5.2 Restrictive Application
CHAPTER THREE THE APPLICATION OF THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN KENYA BITs
3.1 Overview of the umbrella clauses in Kenya
3.1.1 Kenya- United Kingdom BIT(1999)
3.1.2 Kenya- Germany BIT(1996
3.1.3 Kenya- Switzerland BIT (2006)
3.1.4 Kenya- Slovakia BIT (2011)
3.1.5 Kenya- China BIT (2001)
3.2 Analysis of the umbrella clause in Kenya BITs
3.3 Other Kenya BITs without the umbrella clause
3.4 Kenya's take on international arbitration
3.5 Features of a developing country model BIT vs a developed country BIT
CHAPTER FOUR CONSUMMATE SUGGESTIONS TO THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN KENYA BITs
4.1 Background to China- Africa BITs
4.1.1 Evolution and trends in China's BITs
4.1.2 China's motivation for concluding BITs
4.2 China- Africa BITs and the Umbrella Clause
4.2.1 General Characteristics of China-Africa BITs
4.2.2 The umbrella clause in China BITs
4.3 Key questions regarding Kenya BITs and the umbrella clause
4.3.1 Why only 5 BITs in Kenya contain the umbrella clause
4.3.2 What interpretation should Kenya adapt regarding the umbrella clause
4.3.3 Should contractual claims be included in umbrella clause
Recommendations
Conclusions
REFERENCES
本文编号：3683560
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