我国优秀运动员脑功能特征及其训练监控应用的研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 17:30

本文关键词：我国优秀运动员脑功能特征及其训练监控应用的研究　出处：《上海体育学院》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:运动负荷对中枢神经系统产生影响的检测与评估,一直是困扰教练员与科研人员的难点问题之一。脑电图是脑生理特征的客观反映,是检验和预测脑状态和功能变化的重要依据。从2011年至2013年,我们就不同级别、不同训练阶段、不同训练状态下优秀运动员的脑功能特征进行了为期三年的综合调查和实验研究。在大量数据和实验的基础上,建立脑功能特征指标评价体系,从神经中枢角度为优秀运动员训练监控提供科学、准确、客观的方法,为优秀运动员进行科学训练提供理论依据。方法:采用脑电信息熵和神经递质分析技术,对优秀运动员的脑功能特征进行了研究。研究分为五个部分:1、优秀运动员的脑功能特征。研究对象为普通正常人189人,优秀运动员540人(其中一级运动员199人,健将级运动员217人,国际健将级运动员124人);2、不同训练阶段,优秀运动员脑功能特征。研究对象为来自7个不同项群的384名优秀运动员,观察四个训练阶段(开始阶段、提供阶段、强化阶段和赛前阶段)脑功能特征的变化。3、不同训练状态,优秀运动员脑功能特征。研究对象为来自7个不同项群的384名优秀运动员,观察五个状态时脑功能特征的变化。4、依据前三个实验的数据,采用百分位数法,初步建立“我国优秀运动员脑功能检测技术评估与监控体系”。5、在实践中应用“我国优秀运动员脑功能检测技术评估与监控体系”,以国家体操队备战12年伦敦奥运会为例。结果:1、使用脑电信息熵与神经递质分析技术分析脑电图,可以看出优秀运动员与普通正常人相比,具有协调、稳定和有序等脑功能特征。级别越高的运动员其稳定性越好,有序性越高。男女没有显著性差异。2、使用脑电信息熵与神经递质分析技术分析脑电图,优秀运动员脑功能特征随着训练阶段的变化发生规律性变化。3、使用脑电信息熵与神经递质分析技术分析脑电图,优秀运动脑功能特征随着训练状态的变化发生规律性变化。4、采用百分位数法,初步建立“我国优秀运动员脑功能检测技术评估与监控体系”。5、通过在实践中使用“我国优秀运动员脑功能检测技术评估与监控体系”,发现脑电图的个体差异很大,个体化评估可以更精准地反映训练负荷所引起的人体变化以及运动员当前状态,脑功能特征指标可从中枢状态评估角度作为训练监控的指标之一。结论:优秀运动员具有协调、稳定和有序等脑功能特征,在不同训练阶段、不同训练状态,优秀运动员的脑功能特征均会发生相应的改变,据此建立的“我国优秀运动员脑功能检测技术评估与监控体系”是优秀运动员进行训练监控和选拔参赛运动员的客观有效评价方法,该方法从中枢状态评估角度充实了竞技能力状态诊断与评估指标体系。
[Abstract]:Objective: to detect and evaluate the influence of exercise load on central nervous system, is always one of the difficult problems of coaches and researchers. EEG is an objective reflection of brain physiological characteristics, is an important basis for inspection and prediction of brain state and function. From 2011 to 2013, we have different levels, different stages of training, brain functional characteristics of elite athletes in different training conditions were studied by comprehensive investigation and experiment for a period of three years. Based on a large amount of data and experiments, the establishment of cerebral function characteristics of the evaluation index system, from the nerve center angle for the training monitoring of elite athletes to provide scientific, accurate and objective method to provide a theoretical basis for the excellent athletes scientific training. Methods: the EEG information entropy and neurotransmitter analysis technology, functional characteristics of outstanding athletes were studied. The research is divided into five parts: Points: 1, brain function of elite athletes. The research object is the normal person 189 people, 540 people (including athletes level 199 athletes, athletes 217 people, the international master athletes 124 people); 2, different stages of training, the brain function of elite athletes characteristics as the research object from 7. A different group of 384 elite athletes, observe four training phases (beginning stage, stage, stage and strengthening stage before).3 changes in cerebral function characteristics, different training status, brain function of elite athletes characteristics. The object of the study is from 7 different groups of 384 elite athletes, to observe.4 changes five when the brain function feature, according to the data of the three experiments, using percentile method, the initial establishment of the detection technology assessment and monitoring system of the brain function of elite athletes in China.5, application of "brain power of elite athletes in China in practice Can detect technology assessment and monitoring system, to the National Gymnastics Team Preparing for the 12 Olympic Games in London as an example. Results: 1, the use of brain electric information entropy analysis of EEG technology and neurotransmitter analysis, can be seen in elite athletes and normal people compared with coordination, stability and functional characteristics of sequence. The higher the level of brain the stability of athletes is better, more orderly. And there is no significant difference in.2, using the technology of brain electrical information entropy analysis of EEG and neurotransmitter, brain function change with the characteristics of elite athletes training phase changes of.3, using the technology of EEG analysis of electric brain neurotransmitters and information entropy analysis, function characteristics of elite sports with the change of brain training status changes.4, using percentile method, the initial establishment of the detection technology assessment and monitoring system of the brain function of elite athletes in China through.5. The use of "detection technology assessment and monitoring system of the brain function of Chinese elite athletes in practice, found that individual differences in EEG, individualized evaluation can more accurately reflect the change of human body caused by the athletes training load and the current state of brain function feature index from the central point of state assessment as one of the training monitoring indexes conclusion: elite athletes have coordinated, stable and orderly features of brain, in the different stages of training, different training status, brain function of elite athletes will change correspondingly, according to the establishment of the" brain function of Chinese elite athletes detection technology assessment and monitoring system "is the objective and effective evaluation method for elite athletes the monitoring of the training and selection of athletes, this method enriches the competitive ability of diagnosis and evaluation index system from the central state assessment perspective.

【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G808.1

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