我国新世纪基础教育课程改革从课程到课堂走向研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 14:12

  本文关键词：我国新世纪基础教育课程改革从课程到课堂走向研究　出处：《湖南师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 基础教育课程改革 课程 课堂 走向 主体 行为 策略

【摘要】：世纪之交,面对信息与科技的挑战、教育与人才的竞争,世界主要教育发达国家都进入了教育改革的浪潮之中。我国也相继于1999年颁布了《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》,2001年颁布了《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》,发起了一场以“深化教育改革,全面推进素质教育”为宗旨的基础教育课程与教学改革。此次课程改革以政府主导、专家引领、教师参与为特征,其具体做法是自上而下,整体推进,理念引导,实验探索,渐进铺开,取得了诸多理论与实践成果。然而,十余年来的实践证明,基础教育课程改革的目标并没有安全实现,课堂没有发生根本性的变化,先进的课程理念、课程体系没有转化为先进的课堂教学实践。基于此,本研究遵循文献检索、现状调查、理性省思、应然把握、实践策略的思路,对新世纪十余年来基础教育课程改革现状进行了审理,肯定成就,正视问题,探寻原因,进而从深化课改的角度分析新世纪基础教育课程改革从课程到课堂走向的动因与机理。接着,在分析课程改革主体及其行为之应然基础上,论述了“主体归位”和“行为到位”思想。最后,提出并论述实现基础教育课程未来改革从课程到课堂转向的理念和策略措施。全文共分七章四个部分。第一部分为第一章,绪论。分别叙述并分析了选题缘由与研究意义、国内外相关研究现状与趋势、研究内容等;界定了课程、课堂、新世纪基础教育课程改革等核心概念;分析了研究的难点和创新点。第二部分为第二、第三章。分别叙述分析了课题的研究设计与调查实施,和课程现状的分析与把握。第二章在分析研究假设的基础上,对研究思路、研究方法、调查设计等进行了说明;交代了调查实施的基本情况;对调查结果进行了数值呈现、统计分析和总结分析。第三章通过审视我国新世纪基础教育课程改革在促进先进教育理念传播,建立具有中国特色且符合时代要求的新课程制度,制定并颁行新的课程计划和课程文本,建立相对完善的教师培训制度等方面取得相当成就的同时,发现基础教育课程改革也存在重课程轻课堂的严重问题,表现为:重理论课程轻实践课程,重制度课程轻行为课程,重文本课程轻体验课程。对这些问题进行的归因分析,为我国新世纪基础基础教育课程改革实现从课程到课堂的转向奠定了立论的基础。第三部分为第四、第五两章。在把握我国基础教育课程改革从课程到课堂走向必然性的基础上,深入分析论述了基础教育课程改革主体的地位及其行为。文章指出,未来基础教育课程改革实现从课程到课堂的走向必然会发生。这是因为:其一,课堂是课程改革的主阵地,教学是学校教育的最基本工作;其二,课堂教学是基础教育的教学质量的保障,课堂教学质量决定学校人才培养的质量;其三,课程改革问题的最终解决在课堂。2011年义务教育各科课程标准调整的基本导向亦指向课堂教学,这直接确立了课堂教学作为基础教育课程改革中心的政策导向。文章深入分析论述了实现“从课程到课堂”转向的课程改革主体及其行为,提出了“主体归位”和“行为到位”观点。文章认为,基础教育课程未来改革,不仅需要教学主体归位,更需要师生主体的行为到位:于教师主体而言,需要积极转换角色,提升课程意识,做好课程开发,增进课堂交往,,加强反思实践,实现专业发展;于学生主体而言,需要积极转变学习方式和交往方式,做到自主学习、合作学习、探究学习,实现从分数学习到能力学习、从封闭学习到开放学习的转变。第四部分为第六章,提出并论述了实现我国基础教育课程改革从课程到课堂走向之理念和策略。基础教育课程改革实现从课程到课堂走向应当确立的“三个本位”理念是:课堂本位、师生本位、教学本位;基础教育课程改革实现从课程到课堂走向的实践策略有:课程主体策略、课程文化策略、教师校本培训策略。具体包括:尊重教师主体地位,发挥教师主导作用;凸显学生主体地位,促进学生自主学习;营造浓郁学校文化,推进从课程到课堂转向;加强校本培训,推进教师专业发展等。结语,对本研究结果进行简要回顾,明确了我国基础教育课程未来改革从课程到课堂的重心转向,并指出实现这一转向,还需要对不同视域(社会性、生态学、伦理学等)下的课堂问题、教师专业发展问题、师生作为课程资源等问题进行更进一步研究。
[Abstract]:At the turn of the century, facing the challenge of information and technology, education and talent competition, the main education of developed countries in the world have entered the wave of education reform. China has promulgated in 1999, "the CPC Central Committee and State Council on deepening education reform and promoting quality education decision", 2001 promulgated the "outline of basic education curriculum the reform (Trial)", launched a campaign to "deepen education reform, promote the basic education curriculum and teaching reform of quality education" for the purpose. The curriculum reform led by the government, experts leading, teachers participate as features, the specific approach is top-down, overall progress, philosophy guide, experimental exploration, gradual spread that made a lot of theoretical and practical results. However, that the past ten years of practice, the goal of basic education curriculum reform and no security, no fundamental changes in the classroom, advanced The curriculum idea, curriculum system does not translate into classroom teaching practice advanced. Based on this, this study follows the literature retrieval, investigation, rational thinking, should grasp, practice strategy ideas, in the new century ten years of basic education curriculum reform has been tried, must face the problems and achievements, and to explore the reason and analysis the motivation and mechanism of curriculum reform of elementary education in the new century from the curriculum into the classroom to deepen the curriculum reform from the point of view. Then, in the basis of analysis of curriculum reform ought to be subject and its behavior, and discusses the main body position "and" behavior "in thought. Finally, put forward measures and discusses the ideas and strategies to achieve future curriculum reform of basic education from the curriculum into the classroom to. The paper is divided into seven chapters and four parts. The first part is the first chapter, introduction. Describes and analyzes the reasons and significance of the research topic, the domestic and foreign related research Research status and trends, research content; the definition of curriculum, the classroom, the core concept of the new century basic education curriculum reform; analyzes the difficulty of research and innovation. The second part is the second, third chapter narrated and analyzed respectively. Research on the design and implementation of the project investigation, analysis and grasp the status quo and course second. Chapter based on the analysis on the assumption of the research ideas, research methods, survey design are described; explains the basic situation of the investigation carried out; the result of the numerical presentation, statistical analysis and summary analysis. The third chapter examines our country elementary education curriculum reform in the new century to promote the dissemination of advanced education ideas, to establish a Chinese characteristics and in line with the requirements of the new curriculum system, formulated and issued the new curriculum plan and curriculum text, establish a relatively perfect system of teacher training and other aspects were quite successful At the same time, found serious problems, the curriculum reform of basic education curriculum has class performance: theory curriculum practice course curriculum system of heavy light, light behavior of curriculum, the text curriculum light experience courses. To analyze the attribution of these problems, for the realization of our country in the new century foundation of basic education curriculum reform from curriculum to the classroom to lay the argument foundation. The third part fourth, Chapter 52. Based on the grasp of China's basic education curriculum reform from the curriculum to the classroom to the necessity, thoroughly analyze the status and behavior of the basic education curriculum reform. The article points out that the future of the basic education curriculum reform from the curriculum to the classroom the trend is bound to happen. This is because: first, the classroom is the main position of curriculum reform, teaching is the most basic work in school education; second, classroom teaching is the basic teaching Quality assurance, quality determines the quality of classroom teaching of the school training; thirdly, in the classroom.2011 year compulsory education course standard adjustment basic orientation of the final solution to the problem of curriculum reform also to classroom teaching, which directly establishes the policy oriented classroom teaching as the center of the basic education curriculum reform. This paper analyses and discusses the realization of "curriculum the reform of subject and behavior from the curriculum into the classroom" to the proposed "subject homing" and "behavior in place" point of view. The article believes that the future reform of basic education curriculum, teaching subject not only need to place more teachers and students need to return, the behavior of the main body: teachers in the subject, need to actively change the role, improving the awareness of curriculum, curriculum well development, promote classroom communication, and strengthen the implementation of professional development; reflective practice in students, need to actively change their learning methods and communication Do, autonomous learning, cooperative learning, inquiry learning, from learning to learning ability scores, change from closed to open learning learning. The fourth part is the sixth chapter, discusses the realization of China's basic education curriculum reform from the curriculum to the classroom to the idea and strategy. The basic education curriculum reform from curriculum to achieve the classroom to be established the "three standard" concept is: classroom teachers and students teaching standard, standard, standard; basic education curriculum reform to achieve practical strategies from the curriculum to the classroom to the subject of curriculum: curriculum strategy, culture strategy, school-based teacher training strategies. Including: respecting the subject status of Teachers, teachers play a leading role; to highlight the dominant position of students, promote students' autonomous learning; to create a strong school culture, promote the shift from the curriculum into the classroom; to strengthen school-based training, promoting teachers' professional development. The conclusion of The results of this study are briefly reviewed, the future reform of China's basic education curriculum from the curriculum to the classroom focus, and pointed out that to achieve this shift, also need to different perspectives (social ethics, ecology, etc.) the classroom problem of teachers' professional development problems, further research of teachers and students as curriculum resources and other issues.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G632.3
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本文编号：1397424