W波段波导缝隙阵列天线及其应用研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 18:16

本文关键词：W波段波导缝隙阵列天线及其应用研究　出处：《东南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：波导缝隙天线以其结构简单紧凑、可靠性高、口径面场分布易控制等优点,成为当今车载、机载和舰载雷达系统中最常用的天线形式之一。毫米波天线具有高增益、窄波束、小尺寸,满足现代雷达对于高灵敏度、高分辨率以及小型化的需求。因此,对W波段波导缝隙阵列天线的研究具有非常重要的工程实用价值。本文立足于国内现有技术条件,为研制具有高增益、窄波束、低副瓣和频率扫描特性的波导缝隙天线,采用泰勒综合法和行波阵列结构,,设计并加工了 W波段76个缝隙单元的非谐振式波导缝隙阵列天线。在天线设计过程中,首先,基于泰勒分布和功率传输法理论基础,利用MATLAB软件完成了缝隙电流激励幅度和归一化电导值的计算。其次,为确定电导值与缝隙尺寸的关系,本文在传统实验法的基础上,结合三维电磁仿真软件HFSS,在充分考虑缝隙之间互耦的情况下,完成了"归一化电导值—缝隙倾角—切入深度"函数的提取。在提取过程中,对W波段关键设计参量辐射面波导壁厚进行了分析,阐明了这一变量对天线效率、加工和设计难度的影响。最后,通过HFSS提取天线口径面上场强分布,并与解析计算结果进行比对,进而优化缝隙尺寸以获取最终的加工尺寸。为了满足实际工程应用的要求,本文在充分调研国内现有工艺水平的基础上,针对缝隙间距、缝隙倾角等关键设计参量进行了容差分析。分析结果表明该天线结构具有良好的鲁棒性。在此基础上,加工并测试了四副波导缝隙天线。测试结果表明,天线增益优于23dBi,E面半功率波束宽度为1.2°±0.04°,3dB波束扫描角度大于5°,副瓣电平低于-20dB,输入电压驻波比小于1.3。最后本文结合实际应用需求,以波导缝隙天线为馈源,研制了一款椭圆柱面反射面天线。该天线在方位面采用机械扫描,俯仰面采用频率扫描。实测结果表明,该反射面天线的增益优于44dBi,E面与H面半功率波束宽度分别为1.2°±0.04°和0.4°±0.02°。
[Abstract]:Waveguide slot antenna is one of the most commonly used antenna forms in vehicle, airborne and shipborne radar systems because of its simple structure, high reliability and easy control of aperture field distribution. Millimeter wave antennas have high gain, narrow beam and small size, which meet the needs of modern radar for high sensitivity, high resolution and miniaturization. Therefore, the study of W band waveguide slot array antenna has a very important practical value in engineering. This paper is based on the existing technical conditions of China, for the development of waveguide slot antenna with high gain, narrow beam and low sidelobe and characteristics of frequency scanning, using Taylor synthesis method and traveling wave array structure, non resonant waveguide slot array design and processing of W band 76 slot array antenna. In the antenna design process, first, based on the theory of Taylor distribution and power transmission method, we calculate the excitation amplitude and normalized conductivity value of gap current by MATLAB software. Secondly, in order to determine the relationship between the conductance value and the slot size, based on the traditional experimental method, combined with the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, considering the mutual coupling between the gaps, we completed the "normalized conductivity value - the slot dip cut depth" function. During the extraction process, the radiation thickness of the radiation surface of the W band key design parameters is analyzed, and the influence of this variable on the efficiency, processing and design difficulty of the antenna is clarified. Finally, the field intensity distribution on the antenna aperture surface is extracted by HFSS, and the results are compared with the analytical results. Then the size of the slot is optimized to obtain the final processing size. In order to meet the requirements of practical engineering applications, based on the full investigation of the existing technology level in China, tolerance analysis is carried out for key design parameters such as gap spacing and slot inclination angle. The analysis results show that the antenna structure has good robustness. On this basis, four auxiliary waveguide slot antennas are fabricated and tested. The test results show that the antenna gain is better than 23dBi, the E half power beam width is 1.2 degree + 0.04 degrees, the 3dB beam scanning angle is greater than 5 degrees, the sidelobe level is below -20dB, and the input voltage is less than 1.3. In the end, an elliptical cylindrical reflector antenna is developed with the waveguide slot antenna as the feed. The antenna is mechanically scanned in the azimuth surface, and the pitch surface is scanned by frequency. The measured results show that the gain of the reflector antenna is better than that of 44dBi, and the half power beam width of the E surface and the H surface is 1.2 + 0.04 degrees and 0.4 + 0.02 degrees respectively.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN823.24

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