高频地波雷达射频干扰抑制与目标跟踪研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 07:23

本文关键词：高频地波雷达射频干扰抑制与目标跟踪研究　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高频地波雷达作为海洋动力学参数探测与海面舰船、低空飞行目标探测的有效手段,目前已得到广泛应用。海态监测方面技术成熟,提取的参数与浮标结果相吻合,已受到海洋界学者的认可,但目标探测方面相对就要滞后很多,进展缓慢。高频地波雷达探测目标的优势在于可以超视距实时监测国家专属经济区的目标活动状况,与天波雷达配合可实现国家领空和领海的全方位监测,同时存在的问题也比较明显,例如高频段大量的无线电台形成的射频干扰严重影响降低雷达工作性能,展宽的一阶海杂波容易遮蔽舰船目标,目标漏警现象严重等,如果采用小型紧凑的接收天线还有天线方向图畸变而导致方位角估计不准问题。针对上述问题本文对高频地波雷达的目标检测与跟踪算法展开了研究,研究内容涵盖了射频干扰抑制、检测算法、参数估计、跟踪算法以及航迹关联,并给出了算法应用于实测数据的结果。实测数据来源于武汉大学雷达与信号处理实验室在福建漳州进行的一次多站组网的外场试验,探测海域是台湾海峡,接收天线采用两根单极子/交叉环天线,每个雷达站都配备了一套船舶自动识别系统用于对比验证。具体来说,本文的研究工作体现在以下几个方面:1)提出了一种基于空间分解的空域射频干扰抑制算法。建模分析了射频干扰在雷达信号处理流程中的变化过程并对常见的射频干扰进行了简单分类,在此基础上提出在第一次傅里叶变换后利用干扰的方位角信息进行空间分解抑制射频干扰,算法要求一个扫频周期内的干扰信源数要小于天线阵元数,大量的回波数据表明1到2个干扰源比较多见,所以3元天线阵有利于抑制射频干扰。2)设计了适用于高频地波雷达目标检测的恒虚警检测器,分析了目标漏检的原因。高频地波雷达估计的目标距离和径向速度比较准确,天线方向图畸变导致部分方位角估计结果出错,畸变位置附近目标的方位角被估计到方向图的畸变处。3)在跟踪算法中设计了两种状态方程,状态变量为距离、径向速度和径向加速度,每个量测的方位角信息仅用作数据关联的参考依据,这样既能将目标在空间上分开减少误关联,又避免了方位角误差对跟踪滤波结果的影响。4)提出一种利用双站数据进行航迹关联来改进方位角的估计准确度的方法。两雷达站同时探测到同一目标时仅根据距离就能计算方位角,提出用假设法判断航迹是否关联,先假设两航迹来自同一舰船,计算航速和航向,判断下次量测是否满足运动方程,经过多次判决得出航迹关联与否的结论,成功关联的航迹根据距离计算方位角。
[Abstract]:High frequency ground wave radar as parameter detection and ocean dynamics of ship, effective low altitude target detection, has been widely used. Sea state monitoring technology is mature, and the extraction parameters of the buoy is consistent, has been recognized by scholars in the field of ocean, but the target detection is relatively lags behind a lot, the slow progress of high frequency. Ground wave radar target detection has the advantage of real-time monitoring of the state of the exclusive economic zone over the horizon target activity, with skywave radar can realize all-round monitoring of the national airspace and territorial waters, and the problems are obvious, such as a large number of radio frequency RF formation interference reduced radar performance, broadening first order sea clutter to shield ship target, target false alarm phenomenon seriously, if a compact antenna and receiving antenna Pattern distortion caused no problems in azimuth estimation. This paper aims to HF radar detection and tracking algorithm is studied. The research covers radio frequency interference suppression, detection algorithm, parameter estimation, tracking algorithm, track correlation, and the algorithm is applied to the results of the measured data is given. The field test station network a data source in Fujian Zhangzhou from Wuhan University and radar signal processing laboratory, detection of waters of Taiwan Strait, the receiving antenna using two monopole / cross loop antenna, each radar station is equipped with an automatic identification system for comparison and verification. Specifically, the research work of this paper is reflected in the following: 1) a spatial RF interference suppression algorithm based on space decomposition. Modeling and analysis of radio frequency interference in radar signal processing flow in The change process and a simple classification of common radio frequency interference, on the basis of the first interference by using the Fourier transform of the azimuth information of radio interference suppression space decomposition, algorithm requires a sweeping interference source number within the frequency period less than the number of array elements, the echo data indicate that a large number of 1 to 2 the interference source is more, so the 3 element antenna array for radio interference suppression.2) CFAR detector for target detection in HF radar design, analyzes the reasons of target undetected. HF radar estimated target distance and radial velocity accurately, the antenna pattern distortion result error estimation part range angle distortion at.3 near the target azimuth position distortion is estimated to pattern) in the algorithm design of two kinds of equations of state variable distance, radial velocity and diameter To the acceleration of each measuring azimuth information is only used as a reference for the related data, so as to reduce the error associated with separate target in space, but also avoid the influence of azimuth error tracking results.4) method is proposed to track correlation using a dual station data to improve the estimation accuracy of the azimuth two. The radar station at the same time to detect the same target only according to the distance can be calculated by assuming the azimuth angle, proposed method to judge the track whether the association, assuming two tracks from the same ship, the calculation speed and heading, determine the next measurement is not satisfy the equation of motion, then after several correlation and not the conclusion according to the correlation distance calculation successful track azimuth.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN953

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