基于总线控制技术的光纤定位系统设计

发布时间：2018-01-06 05:29

本文关键词：基于总线控制技术的光纤定位系统设计　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在光纤光谱望远镜,实时精确位置测量的光纤是跟踪恒星的关键。LAMOST(The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)是一个反射式施密特天文望远镜,它的最重要组成部分就是一个直径为1.75m的焦面板,并且在焦面板上安装有4000根光纤。除此之外,焦面板上还装有4000个光纤定位.单元,每一个定位单元都对应着一根光纤,使其能够达到精确定位的效果。如何让这4000个光纤节点相互连接,并能够准确驱动光纤定位单元,使其转过特定角度,是光谱望远镜的技术难点。与其他的工业总线相比,CAN总线系统可以实时的对子节点进行控制,驱动能力十分稳定且可以应用于多种场合,所以选用CAN总线构建串行通讯网络,对步进电机分布式系统进行有效驱动。因而本文将采用CAN总线来搭建光纤定位系统的通讯网络。在LAMOST光纤定位系统中每个光纤定位单元上都有两个步进电机,用于控制光纤在三个维度上进行转角定位,采用无线技术完成各个单元间的通讯。然而无线通讯网络会有无法克服的问题,本设计比较了多种分布式控制系统最终选定了以CAN总线通讯网络为基础设计有限有线通讯子节点并对步进电机进行细分驱动的总体方案。每个CAN总线子节点选用的主控制芯片都集成了 CAN控制器以便于简化硬件电路的设计。由4000个子节点共同组成CAN总线通讯网络从而搭建整个系统的底层。每个子节点通过主控芯片的1/0配置细分驱动芯片,从而实现对步进电机的细分驱动。为了完成CAN总线应用层的协议,对CAN总线的技术规范进行了深入研究,对它的功能做了充分调研。为了给CAN总线通讯节点设计软件程序,需要分配通讯报文的标识符,从而进一步确定报文的帧格式、通信方式和滤波机制,并对报文的收发、电机控制软件做出了设计。给出了 CAN总线节点主函数,完成了子节点的软件设计。在完成软硬件设计之后,通过制作多个子节点来搭建CAN总线通讯网络模型,对系统分别进行CAN总线通讯实验和步进电机细分驱动实验。经过实验调试,CAN总线节点间可以进行正常通讯,并且能够实现对两相步进电机的1/16细分驱动和上位机监控功能,实验表明整个通讯和细分系统运行稳定,实时性较好,可以满足光纤定位系统对多步进电机分布式控制系统的需求。
[Abstract]:In the optical fiber Spectroscopy Telescope, real-time accurate position measurement is the key of.LAMOST (The Large Sky track star Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope) is a reflecting Schmidt telescope, it is the most important part of a diameter of focal plane 1.75m, and there are 4000 fibers mounted on the panel. In addition to coke in addition, the focal panel is arranged on the 4000 fiber positioning unit. And each positioning unit corresponds to a single fiber, so it can achieve accurate positioning effect. How to make the 4000 fiber nodes are connected to each other, and can accurately drive the fiber positioning unit, which turned a particular point of view, is a technical difficulty of spectrum telescope. Compared with other industrial bus control on CAN bus system can real-time, driving ability is very stable and can be used in many fields, so we choose C To construct a serial communication network of AN bus, the stepper motor drive system effectively distributed. Therefore, this paper will use the CAN bus to build the communication network. Optical fiber positioning system in LAMOST optical fiber positioning system in the positioning of each optical fiber unit has two stepper motor is used to control the fiber angle positioning in three dimensions, the wireless technology to complete the communication between each unit. However, wireless communication networks will be unable to overcome the problem of the design and comparison of a variety of distributed control system was selected by CAN bus communication network based on wired communication design Co. child nodes and the stepper motor subdivision drive. The overall scheme design of the main control chip of each sub CAN bus the nodes are integrated CAN controller in order to simplify the hardware circuit. By 4000 sub node is composed of CAN bus communication network to build the whole The bottom of the system. Each sub node 1/0 configuration through the subdivision of the main control chip driver chip to drive the stepper motor subdivision. In order to complete the CAN bus application layer protocol specification of CAN bus is studied, its function to do a full investigation. For the CAN bus communication node the design of software program, need communication message identifier allocation, so as to further determine the message frame format, communication mode and filtering mechanism, and to send and receive packets, motor control software make the design is given. The main function of CAN bus node, complete the software design of sub nodes. After the completion of the hardware and software design, to build CAN bus communication network model by making multiple child nodes, were carried on the system of CAN bus communication experiment and stepping motor subdivision drive experiment. Through testing, CAN bus nodes can be Normal communication, and can achieve two phase stepper motor 1/16 subdivision drive and host computer monitoring function. Experiments show that the whole communication and subdivision system is stable and real-time, which can meet the needs of multi positioning control system for distributed control system of multi-step motor.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP273

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