基于超声传感探测叶面积指数的研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 05:34

本文关键词：基于超声传感探测叶面积指数的研究　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业中为实现作物的增产增收大量农药被使用,农药施用过量不仅造成农药的浪费、农业种植成本的提高,而且对环境造成严重污染,尤其食品残留的农药对人体健康造成严重的威胁。对靶变量施药是解决以上问题的关键技术之一,本文针对对靶变量施药技术难题进行研究,首先利用超声波传感器实现不同叶面积指数下的树叶探测,建立叶面积指数与回波能量的模型关系,进而为指导施药提供技术依据。其主要研究内容分为以下部分。(1)叶面积指数的获取及探测系统设计。根据试验设计的总体要求,搭建室内叶面积指数探测试验台。由挡板法获取超声波传感器在不同距离下的探测范围,利用扫面仪及GIMP软件获取叶面积,为了便于得到不同叶面积指数下的树叶,利用称重法获取不同面积的树叶,并求其平均比叶重系数,由电子秤称出不同叶面积指数下的树叶。通过人工布置将树叶挂在探测台上,由示波器及电脑上位机软件实现超声波传感器的数据采集及存储。(2)超声波传感器特性介绍和超声回波特征信息的提取。通过对超声波传感器回波特性研究,为传感器采集信号的数据处理分析提供了依据。(3)单因素试验分析叶面积指数和探测距离对超声回波信号的影响程度,并通过对图像和数据方差分析验证结果,为二次回归正交试验提供数据探测范围。(4)设计二次回归正交试验方案并完成整个试验的探测和信号的采集,利用MATLAB等数据处理软件分析计算试验结果,并建立叶面积指数和超声波信号强度之间的模型关系,验证该方程的失拟性和回归显著性。通过时域能量计算法得到超声回波能量与所建模型方程计算出的电压值进行相关性分析,结果表明该模型方程计算值与实际值显著相关,因此得出结论所建模型具有普适性,能较好的反映不同叶面积指数下的枝叶变化.为进一步实施对靶变量施药提供控制依据。
[Abstract]:A large number of pesticides are used in order to increase crop production and income in agriculture. Excessive application of pesticides not only results in waste of pesticides, but also increases the cost of agricultural planting, and causes serious pollution to the environment. Especially pesticide residues in food pose a serious threat to human health. The application of target variables is one of the key technologies to solve the above problems. First, the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the leaves under different leaf area indices, and the relationship between the leaf area index and the echo energy is established. The main research contents are divided into the following part. 1) the acquisition of leaf area index and the design of detection system. According to the overall requirements of the experimental design. The detection range of ultrasonic sensor at different distance was obtained by baffle method, and leaf area was obtained by scanning surface instrument and GIMP software. In order to obtain the leaves with different leaf area index, the weight method was used to obtain the leaves with different areas, and the average ratio of Ye Zhong coefficient was obtained. The leaves with different leaf area indices are weighed by electronic scales. The leaves are hung on the platform by artificial arrangement. Data acquisition and Storage of Ultrasonic Sensor by Oscilloscope and PC Software. Introduction of ultrasonic sensor and extraction of ultrasonic echo information. This paper provides a basis for the data processing and analysis of the signal collected by the sensor. The single factor experiment is used to analyze the influence of the leaf area index and the detection distance on the ultrasonic echo signal. And through the image and the data variance analysis verification result, provides the data detection scope for the quadratic regression orthogonal test. (4) designs the quadratic regression orthogonal experiment scheme and completes the whole experiment detection and the signal collection. The data processing software such as MATLAB was used to analyze and calculate the test results, and the relationship between leaf area index and ultrasonic signal intensity was established. The time-domain energy calculation method is used to get the ultrasonic echo energy and the voltage value calculated by the model equation to carry on the correlation analysis. The results show that the calculated value of the model equation is significantly correlated with the actual value, so it is concluded that the model is universal. It can better reflect the changes of branches and leaves under different leaf area index, and provide control basis for the further implementation of target variable application.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S48;TP212

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