框架理论视角下的《纽约时报》京剧报道研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 15:15

本文关键词：框架理论视角下的《纽约时报》京剧报道研究　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：戏曲是集文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术等多种艺术形式为一身的综合性艺术,是中华优秀传统文化和传统艺术的典型代表。随着传统文化的回归及中国文化"走出去"的推进,以京剧为代表的中国戏曲艺术也越来越多地走出国门,向世界展示中华文化的魅力。大众媒介是现代人接触社会、了解世界的主要途径,媒体的报道对客观事物在大众认知过程中的形象建构起到关键作用。《纽约时报》作为美国最重要的主流媒体之一,发行量居美国第三,常因夺得最多的普利策奖而享誉报界,处于美国报刊的领袖地位,具有典型性和代表性。在中外文化交流日益密切这一大背景下,考察以京剧为代表的戏曲艺术在美国主流媒体之一的《纽约时报》上的文字呈现,对于我们摸清京剧艺术对外传播现状、了解中国文化的国际地位和真实形象,从而调整文化艺术传播交流的相关政策,做到有的放矢,具有重要意义。本论文即通过梳理总结《纽约时报》关于中国京剧的相关报道,从新闻媒体这一窗口考察京剧在美国的传播情况,分析其报道特点,探究其传播规律。本文选取《纽约时报》1980年至2016年间关于京剧的报道,找出涉及京剧的文章的数量、篇幅、体裁、时间分布、主题、角度、关键词等特点,并分析这些文章字里行间隐含的内在意义。本文以传播学效果理论中的框架理论为研究基础和支撑文章的结构,配合批判学派的文化霸权理论、话语理论及东方主义理论,结合戏剧戏曲学常识,采用内容分析、文本分析等方法对目标文章进行定量与定性相结合的研究。研究表明,《纽约时报》对京剧保持了持续的关注,但有降低的趋势。该报对京剧的报道以美国本土的演出活动为绝对导向,报道角度丰富,重视背景信息的介绍,重视描述客观现实,惯用平衡的报道手法。剧评专业而大胆,常常褒贬结合,有时流露出"西方中心主义"的倾向。究其根源,《纽约时报》的报道虽然不受美国政府的绝对控制和影响,是相对独立客观的,但受到美国主流社会的世界观和价值观的影响,或者说"语境",其本质仍是西方占统治地位的意识形态。对此,笔者认为在充分借鉴西方文化的优秀成果的同时,应加强戏曲理论化工作,总结形成有自身特色的理论体系和话语体系。而"文化自信"概念的提出为探索建设有自身特色的戏曲理论体系指明了方向。本文的创新之处在于对美国主流媒体关于京剧的报道进行总结分析,此为传播学与戏剧戏曲学的交叉领域,研究成果较少,以及将人文学科与社会科学相结合的研究视角。不足之处在于研究样本数量较少,掌握的资料有限,这给定量分析带来可能的误差,此外由于经验和资源缺乏,导致研究过程存在一定的主观性。
[Abstract]:Opera is a comprehensive art of literature, music, dance, art and other art forms. With the return of traditional culture and the promotion of Chinese culture "going out", the Chinese opera art represented by Beijing Opera is more and more out of the country. To show the charm of Chinese culture to the world. Mass media is the main way for modern people to contact society and understand the world. Media reports play a key role in the image construction of objective things in the process of public cognition. As one of the most important mainstream media in the United States, the circulation of the New York Times ranks third in the United States. Often won the most Pulitzer Prize and enjoy a reputation in the press, in the leading position of the American press, typical and representative, in the context of the increasingly close cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. To investigate the text presentation of the opera art represented by Peking Opera in the New York Times, one of the mainstream media of the United States, is to find out the present situation of the art of Peking Opera spreading abroad and to understand the international status and the true image of Chinese culture. In order to adjust the relevant policies of cultural and artistic communication, achieve a targeted, of great significance. This paper summarizes the "New York Times" on the relevant reports on Chinese Peking Opera. From the perspective of the news media, this paper examines the spread of Beijing Opera in the United States, analyzes its reporting characteristics and explores its dissemination rules. This paper selects the New York Times report on Beijing Opera from 1980 to 2016. Find out the number, length, genre, time distribution, theme, angle, key words and so on. This paper takes the frame theory in the theory of communication effect as the research foundation and supports the structure of the article, and cooperates with the cultural hegemony theory of the critical school. Discourse theory and orientalism theory, combined with the common sense of drama drama, use the methods of content analysis and text analysis to study the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the target text. The New York Times has continued to pay attention to Beijing Opera, but it has a downward trend. Its coverage of Beijing Opera is absolutely guided by the performance activities in the United States, with rich reporting angles and emphasis on the introduction of background information. Emphasis is placed on describing objective reality and using balanced reporting techniques. Drama criticism is professional and bold, often combined with praise and criticism, and sometimes reveals the tendency of "Western centrism". Although the report of the New York Times is relatively independent and objective, it is not under the absolute control and influence of the US government, but it is influenced by the world outlook and values of the mainstream American society, or "context." The essence of it is still the dominant ideology in the West. In view of this, the author thinks that while drawing on the outstanding achievements of western culture, we should strengthen the theorization of opera. Summing up and forming a theoretical system and a discourse system with its own characteristics. The concept has pointed out the direction for exploring and constructing the theoretical system of opera with its own characteristics. The innovation of this paper lies in the summary and analysis of the reports on Beijing Opera in the mainstream media of the United States. This is the cross field of communication and drama, less research results, and the combination of humanities and social sciences. The deficiency lies in the small number of research samples and limited information. This leads to possible errors in quantitative analysis, in addition, due to lack of experience and resources, there is subjectivity in the research process.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G212

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