过程控制实验平台设计与实验项目研发

发布时间：2018-01-17 23:33

本文关键词：过程控制实验平台设计与实验项目研发　出处：《陕西科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：过程控制是自动化及其相关专业的重要专业课,具有理论性与实践性并重的特点。切实掌握过程控制课程内容,实验教学环节必不可少。然而,许多高校实验系统并不完善,导致过程控制实验教学趋于形式化,学生对实验的理解停留于表面。因此,设计、开发一套性能优越、功能完善的过程控制实验平台对提高过程控制教学质量和培养学生工程实践能力具有重要意义。在陕西省重点科技创新团队计划项目(项目编号:2014KCT-15)的资助下,本文将实物实验与半实物仿真实验结合,围绕过程控制实验平台的搭建和实验项目的研发开展研究,论文的主要工作可分述如下:(1)过程控制实验平台的硬件与软件设计根据对过程控制实验平台的需求分析,设计了一套基于西门子S7-300PLC的过程控制实验平台。硬件方面,设计、制作了一套小型化的多参数三容水箱实验装置,用以模拟一阶过程、二阶过程、大时滞过程等典型环节;以该实验装置为被控对象,设计了控制系统硬件部分,涉及测控点数统计、元器件选型、控制柜和MCC柜设计与制作等。软件方面,包括基于STEP7的实验项目程序开发与调试、基于WinCC的监控界面设计、上位机与下位机的以太网通讯实现等。(2)实验平台实物实验项目的研发在已搭建的实验平台上,以过程控制实验要求为目标,设计了一系列实物实验项目。实验项目涉及液位、温度、流量、压力四类常见过程参量的检测与控制,设计了被控对象建模实验、单回路控制实验等简单控制实验项目,以及液位串级、流量比值等复杂控制实验项目,并分别给出了实验设计方案、实验测试结果及实验指导书。进一步以蚁群算法为例阐述了智能算法在实验平台上进行实验验证的方法。(3)实验平台半实物仿真实验项目的研发针对半实物仿真的原理与特点,实现了基于MATLAB与WinCC的半实物仿真。采用OPC技术实现了MATLAB与WinCC的双向数据交换,为了使实验平台更为紧凑,使用C脚本完成了MATLAB在WinCC中的集成。在此基础上,设计并实现了单回路液位控制及液位串级控制两个半实物仿真实验项目,对方案的可行性进行了验证。在相同控制参数及相同被控对象条件,比较了半实物仿真实验与实物实验结果的异同点,并分析了其原因。本实验平台集实物实验与半实物仿真实验于一体,将相同的实验以不同类型的实验方式呈现,可以加深学生对课程内容的理解,MATLAB的引入能够降低编程难度,提高学生设计实验的自主性和实验平台的开放性。此外,本实验平台还能为广大科研人员提供先进控制理论实验验证的便捷手段。
[Abstract]:Process control is an important professional course of automation and its related major, with the characteristics of both theory and practice. It is necessary to grasp the course content of process control and experiment teaching. Many experimental systems in colleges and universities are not perfect, which leads to the formalization of the process control experiment teaching, and the students' understanding of the experiment stays on the surface. Therefore, the design and development of a set of performance is superior. The process control experiment platform with perfect function is of great significance to improve the teaching quality of process control and cultivate the students' engineering practice ability. Project number: 2014KCT-15). In this paper, the physical experiment and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment are combined, and the research is carried out around the construction of the process control experimental platform and the research and development of the experimental project. The main work of this paper can be divided as follows: (1) the hardware and software design of the process control experiment platform is analyzed according to the requirement of the process control experiment platform. A process control experiment platform based on Siemens S7-300 PLC is designed. In hardware, a miniaturized multi-parameter three-tank experimental device is designed to simulate the first-order process. Second order process, large delay process and other typical links; Taking the device as the controlled object, the hardware part of the control system is designed, which involves the statistics of the number of measurement and control points, the selection of components, the design and manufacture of the control cabinet and MCC cabinet, and so on. Including the development and debugging of experimental program based on STEP7 and the design of monitoring interface based on WinCC. The realization of Ethernet communication between the upper computer and the lower computer, etc.) the research and development of the physical experimental project of the experimental platform is based on the established experimental platform, which aims at the requirements of the process control experiment. A series of physical experiment items are designed. The experiment items involve the detection and control of four kinds of common process parameters: liquid level, temperature, flow rate and pressure, and the controlled object modeling experiment is designed. Simple control experiment items such as single loop control experiment, and complex control experiment items such as liquid level cascade, flow ratio and so on, are given respectively. Experimental test results and experimental instructions. Further, taking ant colony algorithm as an example, the method of intelligent algorithm for experimental verification on the experimental platform is described. The research and development of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment project aims at the principle and characteristics of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation based on MATLAB and WinCC is realized, and the two-way data exchange between MATLAB and WinCC is realized by using OPC technology, in order to make the experiment platform more compact. C script is used to complete the integration of MATLAB in WinCC. On this basis, two hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment projects are designed and implemented, that is, single loop level control and liquid level cascade control. The feasibility of the scheme is verified. The similarities and differences between the hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment and the physical experiment results are compared under the same control parameters and the same controlled object conditions. This experiment platform integrates the physical experiment and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment, and presents the same experiment in different kinds of experimental ways, which can deepen the students' understanding of the course content. The introduction of MATLAB can reduce the difficulty of programming, improve the autonomy of the experiment design and the openness of the experimental platform. The experimental platform can also provide convenient means for scientific research personnel to verify advanced control theory.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP273

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