基于TCP信号的射孔质量分析方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 13:01

  本文关键词： TCP信号 参数估计 粒子滤波 相似度 穿深　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的持续迅速发展,国家对石油能源的需求量已经明显不断的在增加。因此,石油作为重要的能源之一,其占的地位也越来越重要。而油井射孔是石油开采中的一项非常重要的技术,它是为了实现井筒和预测产油地层之间的连通,以便提取石油。而射孔质量的好坏直接关系着油井产能的高低,因此,评价分析射孔质量的方法就显得非常重要。本文在已有研究成果的基础上,借鉴地震波形反演的思想,利用粒子滤波算法对油管传输射孔(TCP)信号进行分析处理。然后,提出了新的计算射孔穿深的方法。主要工作如下:1.了解了TCP监测识别系统,分析了TCP信号的特征和采集过程中的噪声。最终得到射孔信号的幅值不超过5V,频率范围为40Hz~300Hz左右。2.了解并分析了信号参数估计的常用方法,提出和验证了应用粒子滤波算法估计信号的相位。具体地研究了算法中部分参数的确定,有粒子的数目、粒子的移动步长、计算粒子与目标间相似度的方法。对比分析大量的MATLAB仿真结果得到,粒子数目确定为64、移动步长为0~1的随机数、相似度方法为余弦相似度。当信噪比大于20d B时,得到的相位估值的相对误差低于0.7%。3.利用粒子滤波算法估计射孔振动波表达式中的参数,引用前人对振动波表达式中衰减系数的研究成果,将已获取的射孔信号作为目标,将理论上分析的振动信号作为粒子。截取两段不同时间段的射孔信号,并分别采用有衰减的粒子和无衰减的粒子,利用粒子滤波算法分别估计射孔信号的相位和频率。最终得到信号的相位约为-0.6713,频率约为59.9999Hz。4.了解并分析射孔的参数设计和射孔质量的评价标准,以及与射孔穿深有关的因素,如混凝土靶的回弹值和强度、波速等。结合力学和地震学等方面的相关知识,估算出射孔弹爆破后波的速度3v≈1.6660×10 m/s,从而估算出射孔穿深d≈578.6010mm,然后进行穿透深度折算,结合其他相关的参数进行射孔质量分析。
[Abstract]:With the continuous and rapid development of economy, the national demand for petroleum energy has been obviously increasing. Therefore, oil is one of the important energy sources. And well perforation is a very important technology in oil production, which is designed to connect the wellbore with the formation that is expected to produce oil. In order to extract petroleum, the quality of perforation is directly related to the productivity of oil wells. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate and analyze perforation quality. The particle filter algorithm is used to analyze and process the perforation signal transmitted by tubing. Then, a new method for calculating perforation depth is proposed. The main work is as follows: 1. Understand the TCP monitoring and identification system. The characteristics of TCP signal and the noise in the acquisition process are analyzed. Finally, the amplitude of perforation signal is less than 5V and the frequency range is about 40Hz / 300Hz. This paper proposes and verifies the application of particle filter algorithm to estimate the phase of signal. The determination of some parameters in the algorithm, the number of particles, the moving step size of particles, are studied in detail. By comparing and analyzing a large number of MATLAB simulation results, the results show that the number of particles is 64, the moving step is 0 ~ 1 random number, and the similarity method is cosine similarity. When the SNR is more than 20dB, The relative error of the phase estimation obtained is lower than 0.7. 3. The parameters of the expression of the perforated vibration wave are estimated by particle filter algorithm. The obtained perforation signal is taken as the target by citing the previous research results on the attenuation coefficient of the vibration wave expression. The vibration signals analyzed in theory are regarded as particles. The perforation signals of two different periods of time are intercepted, and the attenuated particles and the non-attenuated particles are used, respectively. The phase and frequency of perforation signal are estimated by particle filter algorithm respectively. Finally, the phase of the signal is about -0.6713 and the frequency is about 59.99Hz.4.The parameter design of perforation and the evaluation standard of perforation quality are understood and analyzed, as well as the factors related to perforation depth. For example, the rebound value and strength of concrete target, wave velocity and so on. Combined with the relevant knowledge of mechanics and seismology, the velocity of the wave after blasting is estimated to be 3v 鈮，

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