基于虚拟现实技术的街道景观评价体系研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 17:05

本文选题：街道景观　切入点：景观评价　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态文明建设正在全国如火如荼的展开,大力建设优美的城市景观能够有效推动生态文明建设的进程。街道景观是典型的绿色线性城市景观,是城市的重要景观轴线,不仅能够承担一定的文化职能,而且可以体现城市特色,塑造城市形象。但是随着城市化的加快,加之人们缺乏对街道景观的重视和维护,目前城市中部分街道景观出现植物景观配置混乱、人工景观缺乏设计感、景观空间尺度失衡等问题,降低了城市景观的质量,影响了城市的形象,因此,城市街道景观亟须改造和更新,对街道景观开展研究具有重要的现实意义。现阶段国内外对于街道景观更新或改造方案的评审大部分是以设计图纸为载体,凭借评审专家的已有经验和主观意识进行评判,缺乏科学性和客观性。所以有必要建立一套科学合理的街道景观评价体系将评审专家的主观评价转化为科学客观的量化评价。虚拟现实技术能够通过计算机设备和虚拟建模软件将设计方案转换为建成后的虚拟场景,并通过虚拟感知设备让景观评价者沉浸在逼真的虚拟场景中进行全方位的景观体验和评价。因此,借助虚拟现实技术可将街道景观更新或改造方案构建成虚拟景观场景,让景观评价者提前进行感知和评价,进而评判出最优改造方案,所以有必要将虚拟现实技术引入到街道景观评价中。首先,本研究利用文献研究法、德尔菲法等方法对景观评价指标进行整理归纳和综合分析,形成以植物景观、人工景观、空间尺度为准则层的18项街道景观初选评判指标,并运用灰色统计法量化筛选出14项街道景观终选评价指标;第二,运用模糊层次分析法确定模糊权重计算和评价排序的方法,构建街道景观模糊评价体系;第三,以福州市工业路(福建老年大学至海峡技术转移中心)为研究区,在充分调研与分析现状的基础上,基于虚拟现实技术构建出研究区现状景观虚拟场景D1及改造景观虚拟场景D2、D3、D4,让评审专家佩戴VR眼镜对各个虚拟街道景观场景进行全方位沉浸式体验和评价。经过对街道景观评价指标进行两两比较与二次模糊对比,应用评价体系计算得到D1～D4的景观质量模糊权向量分别为0.197、0.269、0.284、0.250,依据最大隶属度原则得到街道景观虚拟场景的景观质量排序为D3D2D4D,,评定D3为最优改造方案,并通过结果分析和综合对比,验证评价体系的科学性和实用性。最后,基于景观现状问题分析和评价结果提出四项街道景观设计和优化策略:第一,重点打造街道植物景观,体现景观意境美。第二,深化街道人工景观规划设计,凸显景观文化性。第三,注重营造街道景观空间和控制街道景观尺度。第四,加强街道景观的管理与维护。
[Abstract]:The construction of ecological civilization is being carried out in full swing all over the country, and the construction of beautiful urban landscape can effectively promote the process of ecological civilization construction.Street landscape is a typical green linear city landscape, is an important city landscape axis, not only can assume certain cultural functions, but also can reflect the characteristics of the city, shaping the image of the city.However, with the acceleration of urbanization and the lack of attention and maintenance to the street landscape, there are some problems in the urban street landscape, such as plant landscape configuration confusion, artificial landscape lack of design sense, landscape spatial scale imbalance and so on.It reduces the quality of the urban landscape and affects the image of the city. Therefore, the urban street landscape needs to be reformed and updated urgently, and it is of great practical significance to carry out research on the street landscape.At the present stage, most of the evaluation of street landscape renewal or reconstruction plan at home and abroad is based on the design drawings as the carrier, relying on the evaluation experts' experience and subjective consciousness to judge, lack of scientific and objective.So it is necessary to set up a set of scientific and reasonable street landscape evaluation system to transform the subjective evaluation of evaluation experts into scientific and objective quantitative evaluation.Virtual reality technology can transform the design scheme into virtual scene through computer equipment and virtual modeling software.And let the landscape evaluator immerse in the lifelike virtual scene to carry on the omnidirectional landscape experience and the appraisal through the virtual perception device.Therefore, with the help of virtual reality technology, the street landscape renewal or reconstruction scheme can be constructed into a virtual landscape scene, so that landscape evaluators can perceive and evaluate in advance, and then judge the optimal reconstruction scheme.So it is necessary to introduce virtual reality technology into street landscape evaluation.First of all, this study uses literature research method, Delphi method and other methods to sort out and synthesize the landscape evaluation index, and form 18 primary evaluation indexes of street landscape based on plant landscape, artificial landscape and spatial scale.And the use of grey statistics quantitative selection of 14 street landscape evaluation indicators; second, the use of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the fuzzy weight calculation and evaluation ranking method, to build a fuzzy evaluation system of street landscape; third,Taking Fuzhou Industrial Road (Fujian Senior Age University to the Straits Technology transfer Center) as the research area, on the basis of full investigation and analysis of the present situation,Based on the virtual reality technology, the virtual scene D1 and the modified virtual scene D2D3D4 of the research area were constructed. The experts were allowed to wear VR glasses to experience and evaluate all kinds of virtual street landscape scenes.After comparing the evaluation indexes of street landscape by pairwise comparison and secondary fuzzy comparison,The fuzzy weight vector of landscape quality of D1~D4 is 0.197 / 0.269 / 0.284 / 0.250, respectively. According to the principle of maximum membership degree, the order of landscape quality of virtual scene of street landscape is D3D2D4D4, and the evaluation of D3 is the best reconstruction scheme, and through the result analysis and comprehensive comparison, the fuzzy weight vector of landscape quality of D1~D4 is 0.197 / 0.269 / 0.284 / 0.250, respectively.Verify the scientific nature and practicability of the evaluation system.Finally, based on the analysis and evaluation of landscape status, four street landscape design and optimization strategies are put forward: first, focus on the creation of street plant landscape, reflecting the beauty of landscape conception.Second, deepen the street artificial landscape planning and design, highlight the cultural landscape.Third, pay attention to building street landscape space and control street landscape scale.Fourth, strengthen the management and maintenance of street landscape.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.1;TP391.9

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