无线传感网中层次型节能路由算法研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 01:26

本文选题：无线传感网 + 路由算法　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信技术、低功耗传感器技术和嵌入式系统技术的快速发展,无线传感网成为一种全方位采集感应信息和处理数据的技术,它正在影响和改变我们的生活。在监测区域内部署大量微型廉价的传感器节点,节点通过无线通信的方式构建一个自组织的无线传感网。每个节点都可以转发数据,实现节点之间的相互通信。在现实应用场景中传感器节点的电池更换非常困难,因此均衡节点能量消耗,延长整个网络寿命,使其长时间稳定的工作是设计无线传感网节能路由算法的关键点。在传统静态无线传感网中,所有节点一旦被部署完成后就不能改变位置。节点一般会采取以单跳或者多跳的传输方式将数据信息传输至汇聚节点。网络中与汇聚节点之间距离较近的节点还负责转发其他节点数据的任务并造成通信负担过重,进而引起这部分节点过早的耗尽自身能量而死亡,这就是传感器网络中的“能量空洞”问题或“热节点”现象。研究人员通过引入移动汇聚节点的策略来均衡汇聚节点周围节点的能耗,以此来提升整个网络的性能。本文针对传感器网络中的层次型节能路由算法展开研究,均衡网络中节点的能耗,延长网络的生命周期,主要工作包括:1)介绍了无线传感网基本概念,并对其特点及关键的相关应用技术进行了分析。研究无线传感网中经典的非均匀分簇EEUC(Energy-Efficient Uneven Clustering)路由算法,并分析其优点以及缺点。然后,针对EEUC算法中簇头选举机制没有考虑节点的剩余能量因素以及数据传输阶段没有考虑节点能量开销的问题,提出改进的算法并进行仿真实验的对比分析。2)为了均衡汇聚节点周围节点的能量消耗和通信负载,我们在网络中引入单个移动汇聚节点的策略。提出了一种基于粒子群算法的层次型节能路由算法,在算法中采用粒子群算法划分区域并提出优化选取簇头策略以及合理规划汇聚节点的移动路径。仿真实验表明我们提出的算法可以进一步提升网络的整体性能。3)随着一些应用网络的规模不断扩大,移动汇聚节点通常需要花费较长的时间才可以完成一次完整的网络数据采集的任务,可能会造成网络中较高的数据延迟。因此,进一步引入多个移动汇聚节点,并预先定义其移动路径,选取最佳逗留位置作为数据采集点。可以有效减少网络的时延,提高数据的传输效率。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, low-power sensor technology and embedded system technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) has become a kind of omni-directional sensing information and data processing technology, which is affecting and changing our lives. A large number of micro and cheap sensor nodes are deployed in the monitoring area, and the nodes construct a self-organized wireless sensor network through wireless communication. Each node can transmit data and communicate with each other. It is very difficult to replace the battery of sensor nodes in the practical application scenario, so balancing the energy consumption of the sensor nodes, prolonging the network life and making it stable for a long time are the key points in designing the energy-saving routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In traditional static wireless sensor networks, all nodes cannot change position once deployed. Nodes usually transmit data to convergent nodes by single-hop or multi-hop transmission. The nodes close to the convergent nodes in the network are also responsible for forwarding data from other nodes and causing excessive communication burden, which results in the premature depletion of their own energy and the death of these nodes. This is the "energy hole" problem or "hot node" phenomenon in sensor networks. In order to improve the performance of the whole network, researchers introduce a mobile convergence node strategy to balance the energy consumption of the nodes around the convergence node. In this paper, the hierarchical energy saving routing algorithm in sensor networks is studied, the energy consumption of nodes in the network is equalized, and the life cycle of the network is prolonged. The main work includes the introduction of the basic concept of wireless sensor network. Its characteristics and key application technologies are analyzed. The classical nonuniform clustering EEUC(Energy-Efficient Uneven clustering routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks is studied, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Then, the cluster head election mechanism in EEUC algorithm does not consider the residual energy factor of the node and the energy cost of the node is not considered in the data transmission phase. In order to balance the energy consumption and communication load of the nodes around the convergence node, we introduce a single mobile convergence node strategy in the network. A hierarchical energy saving routing algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed in this paper. PSO is used to divide the region, to optimize the cluster head selection strategy and to reasonably plan the moving path of the convergent node. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can further improve the overall performance of the network. 3) with the expansion of some application networks, Mobile convergence nodes usually take a long time to complete a complete network data acquisition task, which may lead to high data delay in the network. Therefore, a number of mobile convergence nodes are further introduced, and their moving paths are pre-defined, and the optimal location of stay is selected as the data acquisition point. It can effectively reduce the delay of network and improve the efficiency of data transmission.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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