基于TinyOS的无线传感器网络MAC协议设计与实施研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 03:41

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + MAC协议　；参考：《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(WSN)是一门具有高度发展潜力的应用学科,被认为是二十一世纪最为热点的研究领域之一。无线传感器网络拓展了人们的信息获取能力,能够为人们提供最为直接、准确、真实的信息,因此具有十分广泛的应用前景,能应用于军事国防、工农业控制、智慧城市、生物医疗、环境监测、危险区域远程控制等诸多领域。而无线传感器网络中的MAC(介质访问控制层)协议对于无线传感器网络性能有着直接的影响,故而许多研究人员专注于对MAC协议的研究。MAC协议通常有随机多址和轮询系统两种控制方式,轮询系统由于其公平性、控制的有效性,在计算机、通信、工业制造等方面有着广泛的应用,本文针对于轮询系统进行研究。轮询系统一般由一个服务器和N个队列构成,主要分为门限、完全和限定k)1((28)三类服务系统,轮询系统的优化和改进一般从查询顺序、服务策略等方面进行。另外伴随着无线传感器网络技术的发展,在软件方面出现了大量开源的、半开源的以及商业应用的无线传感器网络操作系统,在硬件方面出现了许多面向无线传感器网络应用的廉价、低功耗、高性能微处理器。本文在对现有无线传感器网络MAC协议进行深入分析的基础上,结合轮询控制的思想,提出一种区分优先级的轮询控制MAC协议,以实际的硬件节点来探究MAC层协议改进和对其性能的验证。本文基于此做了以下的研究:1、研究了门限、完全、限定k)1((28)三类轮询系统的数学模型,通过嵌入式马尔可夫链和概率母函数的方法,对三类系统的平均排队队长、平均时延展开分析。2、基于TinyOS的MAC协议设计,在IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议的基础上进行设计,设计了一种以超帧为周期的MAC帧结构,对系统工作过程中的轮询控制功能进行了设计。3、开发并实施了门限、完全、限定k)1((28)三类轮询系统,以CC2538节点作为硬件平台,以TinyOS作为软件平台,结合改进的MAC帧在实验平台上进行实施,通过计算分析三类轮询系统的实验值与建立的数学模型理论值比较,结果表明建立的数学模型精确分析了三类轮询系统的指标。4、研究了区分优先级的轮询控制系统,对区分优先级的轮询控制系统建立数学模型并且在实验平台上实施了该系统,高优先级节点使用完全服务方式,低优先级节点使用门限服务方式,在MAC帧结构中添加优先级别字段标识节点的优先级别,最终将计算得到的系统平均排队队长和平均时延理论值和实验值与门限、完全、限定k)1((28)三类轮询系统进行比较,实验结果表明区分优先级的轮询控制系统有效的区分了中心高优先级节点和低优先级节点,能够保证高优先级节点的服务质量,同时低优先级节点也得到了一定程度的优化。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an application subject with high development potential and is considered to be one of the hottest research fields in the 21 century. Wireless sensor network (WSN) expands people's ability to obtain information, and can provide people with the most direct, accurate and true information, so it has a very wide application prospect, and can be used in military defense, industrial and agricultural control, intelligent cities. Biomedicine, environmental monitoring, remote control of dangerous areas and many other fields. The MAC (medium access Control layer) protocol in wireless sensor networks has a direct impact on the performance of wireless sensor networks. Therefore, many researchers focus on the research of MAC protocol. The MAC protocol usually has two kinds of control methods: random multiple access protocol and polling system. Polling system because of its fairness, control effectiveness, in computer, communication, Industrial manufacturing has a wide range of applications, this paper studies polling system. Polling system is generally composed of a server and N queues, which is mainly divided into three types of service systems: threshold, complete and limited, and the optimization and improvement of polling system are generally carried out from the aspects of query order, service strategy and so on. In addition, with the development of wireless sensor network technology, a large number of open source, semi-open source and commercial wireless sensor network operating systems have emerged in software. There are many low-cost, low-power and high-performance microprocessors for wireless sensor network applications in hardware. Based on the in-depth analysis of the existing MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks and the idea of polling control, this paper proposes a priority polling control MAC protocol. The hardware node is used to explore the improvement of MAC layer protocol and its performance verification. In this paper, we do the following research: 1, and study the mathematical models of three kinds of polling systems: threshold, complete, and limit K1 / 28. By using the method of embedded Markov chain and probabilistic generating function, we study the average queue length of the three kinds of systems. The analysis of average delay expansion. 2. The design of MAC protocol based on TinyOS, and the design of MAC frame structure based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol. The polling control function in the working process of the system is designed. 3. Three kinds of polling systems are developed and implemented. The CC2538 node is used as the hardware platform and the TinyOS as the software platform. The improved MAC frame is implemented on the experimental platform. By calculating and analyzing the experimental values of the three polling systems, the theoretical values of the mathematical model are compared. The results show that the established mathematical model accurately analyzes the indexes of three kinds of polling systems. 4. The polling control system with differentiated priorities is studied. The mathematical model of polling control system with different priorities is established and the system is implemented on the experimental platform. The high priority node uses full service mode, the low priority node uses the threshold service mode, and the priority level field is added to the MAC frame structure to identify the priority level of the node. Finally, the calculated theoretical and experimental values of the average queue length and average delay are compared with the threshold. The experimental results show that the polling control system can effectively distinguish the central high priority node from the low priority node, which can guarantee the quality of service of the high priority node, and at the same time, the low priority node can be optimized to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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