基于FDM技术的3D打印机机械结构设计及控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 02:26

本文选题：FDM + 3D打印机　；参考：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：基于FDM技术的3D打印逐渐发展成为一种新型的主流加工技术。有别于传统制造技术,基于FDM技术的3D打印机能够降低复杂零件的制造难度,操作方便,成本低,打印材料来源广泛。但是,它也面临着诸多困难和挑战。尤其在成型精度、打印速度和新材料的研发等方面仍有待研究。因此,3D打印技术的发展和推广仍然具有广阔的空间。针对现有基于FDM技术的3D打印机存在的打印效率低、成型精度差等不足,分析3D打印机工作原理,结合目前的3D打印机的结构,设计一款三喷头的3D打印机,并对其机械结构进行设计和改善。根据各部分分工不同,将3D打印机划分为挤出机构,送丝机构,传动机构,散热结构,伺服系统,温控系统等进行研究分析。设计送丝机构的布局方案,根据不同的喷嘴直径采用近端送丝与远端送丝相结合的送丝方式,减轻挤出机构的重量,提高打印速度。改善环形散热片的结构,选取散热片数量,长度,高度等参数的最佳组合,增大散热量,解决喷头打印中出现的堵塞问题。对3D打印机承载零部件的强度与刚度性能进行分析,检测机械结构的可行性。模拟喷嘴内流体的实际运动状态,验证三喷嘴挤出机构和喷嘴结构设计的可行性。对3D打印机温度控制系统进行研究,确保工作过程的稳定性。绘制传统PID控制和模糊PID控制的响应曲线,并对两者进行了对比分析,选取更合适的控制算法,使温度控制更精确。通过对基于FDM技术3D打印机进行结构设计及控制系统研究,在提高打印精度和打印速度的同时,改善丝材堵塞,流涎以及送丝驱动力不足等问题。通过多次打印试件对设计的3D打印机进行实验测试,本设计中的基于FDM技术的3D打印机达到了设计要求,为后期开发更高精度,更高效率的3D打印机提供参考。
[Abstract]:3D printing based on FDM technology has gradually developed into a new mainstream processing technology. Different from the traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printer based on FDM technology can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of complex parts, easy to operate, low cost and wide source of printing materials. However, it also faces many difficulties and challenges. Especially in forming accuracy, printing speed and research and development of new materials and so on. Therefore, the development and promotion of 3D printing technology still has a broad space. In view of the shortcomings of the existing 3D printer based on FDM technology, such as low printing efficiency and poor forming precision, the working principle of 3D printer is analyzed, and a three-nozzle 3D printer is designed combining with the structure of 3D printer at present. And the mechanical structure of the design and improvement. According to different division of labor, 3D printer is divided into extrusion mechanism, wire feeding mechanism, transmission mechanism, heat dissipation structure, servo system, temperature control system and so on. The layout scheme of wire feeding mechanism is designed. According to different nozzle diameters, the wire feeding mode combining near end feeding with remote wire feeding is adopted to reduce the weight of extrusion mechanism and improve the printing speed. The structure of the annular radiator is improved and the optimum combination of the number length and height of the radiator is selected to increase the heat dissipation and to solve the problem of blockage in the printing of the nozzle. The strength and stiffness performance of 3D printer bearing parts are analyzed and the feasibility of mechanical structure is tested. The actual motion state of the fluid in the nozzle was simulated to verify the feasibility of the extrusion mechanism and nozzle structure design of the three nozzles. The temperature control system of 3D printer is studied to ensure the stability of the working process. The response curves of traditional PID control and fuzzy PID control are drawn and compared with each other. The more appropriate control algorithm is selected to make the temperature control more accurate. Through the research on the structure design and control system of 3D printer based on FDM technology, the problems of improving printing accuracy and printing speed, such as silk clogging, salivation and insufficient driving force of wire feeding, are improved at the same time. The 3D printer based on FDM technology has been tested by several printing samples, which provides a reference for the later development of 3D printer with higher precision and higher efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP334.8

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