基于多源时空数据的城市社区宜居性动态评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 04:38

本文选题：社区宜居性 + 多源数据　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市和经济的迅速发展,城市居民越来越关注自身所处的居住环境,"宜居"成为当前时代的一个热点。社区环境,是居民生存和发展的基础,其优劣不仅关系着居民的身心健康,也能映射出城市经济发展和社区建设的水平。从社区的角度出发,研究城市居民的居住适宜性,旨在科学地度量城市的宜居社区建设空间格局,为城市建设部门进行宜居社区建设提供决策依据,从而提高城市居民的生活质量。同时也为居民的日常生活以及买房、租房等提供帮助。文章结合了出租车轨迹、在线地图POI以及地理国情普查等多源数据,基于分时段的社区交通热点和社区活跃度构建城市社区宜居性动态评价方法,并对武汉市主城区的社区宜居性进行分析与评价,从时间和空间层面对其进行剖析。本文的主要研究工作如下:(1)基于空间均值的社区基本公共服务设施均衡性评价。文章鉴于当前基本公共服务设施指标量化方法的不足,参考地理学中空间均值重力模型方法,对其进行概念延伸,考虑从社区内部基本公共服务设施分布的均衡性角度来对指标进行科学的评价。通过计算社区范围内指标的空间均值,求得其与社区边界几何中心的偏离距离,然后除以POI点个数消除个数影响。通过探寻指标在社区内部的均衡性分布,从更科学的角度来量化指标。(2)基于出租车数据的社区交通热点提取。文章基于出租车轨迹数据,根据其载客状态、速度等属性信息提取出租车载客点和拥堵特征点,并利用基于时空聚类的ST-DBSCAN算法对提取的载客点和拥堵点进行聚类分析,获取各个时间段城市的交通热点区域,然后通过缓冲区分析进行指标量化,获取各时间段居民出行便捷度相关指标数据。(3)基于土地利用混合度的社区活跃度分时段估计。文章考虑不同服务设施的活跃时间,利用学校、大型商场、农贸市场等不同类型的POI数据,根据他们的活跃时间基于土地利用混合度估计不同时段社区的活跃程度,具体土地利用混合度采用Hill Numbers的计算公式。通过对各时段社区活跃度的估计,获取各个时间段居民生活舒适性相关指标数据。(4)城市社区宜居性动态评价方法构建及实现。文章考虑生活便利性、出行便捷度、居住安全性、环境舒适性四个方面,结合出租车轨迹、在线地图POI、地理国情普查等多源数据,基于分时段的社区交通热点和活跃程度构建城市社区宜居性动态评价方法。首先确定了武汉市社区宜居性评价指标体系,基于熵权法确定各级指标的权重,然后计算各时段武汉市主城区各社区的宜居指数,并进行时空分析。在此基础上,通过熵权法确定各时段宜居指数的权重,计算各社区的宜居综合指数,并进行综合评价与分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of city and economy, urban residents pay more and more attention to their living environment. Community environment is the basis of residents' survival and development. Its merits and demerits are not only related to the physical and mental health of residents, but also reflect the level of urban economic development and community construction. In order to scientifically measure the spatial pattern of urban livable community construction and provide the decision basis for the urban construction department to carry out livable community construction, this paper studies the habitability of urban residents from the perspective of community, and studies the habitability of urban residents in order to measure the spatial pattern of livable community construction scientifically. So as to improve the quality of life of urban residents. At the same time also for the daily life of residents and buy a house, rental and so on to provide assistance. Based on the multi-source data, such as taxi track, online map POI and geographical situation survey, this paper constructs a dynamic evaluation method for liveability of urban communities based on the community traffic hot spots and community activity. The community livability of Wuhan city is analyzed and evaluated, and analyzed from time and space. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the equilibrium evaluation of community basic public service facilities based on spatial mean. In view of the deficiency of the current quantification method of basic public service facilities, this paper extends the concept of spatial mean gravity model with reference to the method of geography. To evaluate the indicators scientifically from the perspective of equilibrium of distribution of basic public service facilities in the community. By calculating the spatial mean value of the index in the community, the deviation distance between the index and the geometric center of the community boundary is obtained, and then the number of POI points is divided to eliminate the influence of the number of points. By exploring the equilibrium distribution of indicators within the community, the paper quantifies the indicators from a more scientific point of view. (2) Community traffic hot spot extraction based on taxi data. Based on the taxi track data, the paper extracts the taxi passenger point and congestion feature point according to the attribute information such as the state and speed of the taxi, and uses ST-DBSCAN algorithm based on temporal and spatial clustering to cluster the extracted passenger and congestion points. The traffic hot spots of cities in each time period are obtained, and then the index is quantified by buffer analysis. (3) based on the mixed degree of land use, community activity is estimated by time division. The article takes into account the active time of different service facilities, using different types of POI data, such as schools, shopping malls, farmers' markets, and estimating the activity of communities at different periods of time based on their active time. The mixing degree of land use is calculated by Hill numbers. Based on the estimation of community activity in different periods, the relevant index data of residents' comfort in different periods are obtained. (4) the dynamic evaluation method of livability of urban communities is constructed and realized. The article considers the convenience of life, the degree of travel convenience, the safety of living, the comfort of the environment, and the multi-source data, such as taxi track, online map POI, geographical situation survey, etc. Based on the community traffic hot spot and active degree, the dynamic evaluation method of livability of urban community is constructed. Firstly, the evaluation index system of community livability in Wuhan is determined, and the weight of indexes at all levels is determined based on entropy weight method, then the livable index of communities in main urban area of Wuhan is calculated in each time period, and the space-time analysis is carried out. On this basis, the weight of livable index in each time period is determined by entropy weight method, and the comprehensive index of livable life in each community is calculated, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis are carried out.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.3;P208

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