单向三车道高速公路车载自组织网络路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 02:39

本文选题：车载自组织网络 + 移动模型　；参考：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad hoc Networks,VANET)将成为未来交通系统必不可少的支撑。它能够增强车辆间的沟通,加强车路间的联系,这使得分布式地协调控制车辆行为、合理地平衡分配道路资源、提供高效便捷的信息服务成为可能,从而增强了车辆驾驶安全性,提升了交通运输效率,改善了乘车环境。总之,VANET可为城市交通拥堵与安全提供统一的解决方案。然而,车辆节点高速行驶使得网络拓扑快速变化,造成链路频繁失效,通信路由不断断裂。车辆间以及车路间如何快速可靠的传输数据是亟待解决的问题,设计高效稳定的路由对VANET起到至关重要的作用。本文研究了单向三车道高速公路场景下基于拓扑的VANET路由协议。此场景中同车道车辆构成的网络拓扑结构相对稳定。车载自组织网络AODV路由协议的相关改进算法受限于按需路由机制,网络延迟比较大。为了综合满足VANET分组投递率与网络延迟的要求,本文依据场景特点提出目的序列速度向量DSVV(Destination-Sequenced Velocity Vector)路由协议,该协议基于车辆位置、速度及方向等移动信息对限定跳数内拓扑相对稳定节点采用先应式路由机制建立路由,其他节点路由则通过按需路由机制建立。仿真表明本文提出的DSVV网络延迟比带Hello机制的AODV显著减小,但分组投递率也有所降低。为了进一步提升DSVV的综合性能,提出带跨层捎带机制的目的序列速度向量DSVV_CL(Destination-Sequenced Velocity Vector with Cross-layer Piggyback)路由协议,该协议利用跨层捎带技术将Hello报文的有用信息通过数据分组捎带给邻居节点,以减少路由开销。仿真表明DSVV_CL整体路由性能比DSVV大幅提升;与带Hello机制的AODV相比,网络延迟大幅减小,分组投递率基本接近。综上所述,本文将先应式路由机制有机融合于AODV大幅降低了网络延迟,利用跨层捎带机制提升了路由总体性能,为进一步研究VANET路由算法提供了新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) will become the essential support of the future transportation system. It can enhance the communication between vehicles and strengthen the links between vehicles and roads, which makes it possible to coordinate and control the behavior of vehicles in a distributed way, to distribute road resources in a reasonable balance, and to provide efficient and convenient information services. Thus, the safety of vehicle driving is enhanced, the transportation efficiency is improved, and the driving environment is improved. In short, VANET can provide a unified solution for urban traffic congestion and safety. However, the high speed driving of the vehicle nodes makes the network topology change rapidly, resulting in frequent link failure and the continuous breakage of communication routes. How to transmit data quickly and reliably between vehicles and roads is an urgent problem to be solved. Designing efficient and stable routing plays an important role in VANET. In this paper, a topology-based VANET routing protocol for a three-lane one-way freeway scenario is studied. The network topology of the same lane vehicle in this scene is relatively stable. The improved algorithm of AODV routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks is limited by the on-demand routing mechanism, and the network delay is relatively large. In order to meet the requirements of VANET packet delivery rate and network delay, this paper proposes a destination sequence velocity vector DSVV (Destination-Sequenced Velocity Vector) routing protocol, which is based on vehicle location. Mobile information such as speed and direction establish routing for nodes with relatively stable topology in limited number of hops by pre-reactive routing mechanism and other nodes by on-demand routing mechanism. Simulation results show that the proposed DSVV network delay is significantly lower than the AODV with Hello mechanism, but the packet delivery rate is also reduced. In order to further improve the comprehensive performance of DSVV, a DSVVCL (Destination-Sequenced Velocity Vector with layer Cross-Piggyback) routing protocol with cross-layer piggyback mechanism is proposed. The protocol uses cross-layer piggyback technology to piggyback the useful information of Hello packets to neighbor nodes through data grouping. To reduce routing overhead. Simulation results show that the overall routing performance of DSVVCL is much higher than that of DSVV, and compared with AODV with Hello mechanism, the network delay is greatly reduced and the packet delivery rate is close to that of DSVV. To sum up, this paper integrates the first-order routing mechanism into AODV and greatly reduces the network delay, improves the overall routing performance by using cross-layer piggyback mechanism, and provides a new idea and method for further research on VANET routing algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495;TN929.5

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