基于射频能量收集的结构健康监测系统设计与研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 12:00

【摘要】：结构健康监测能合理规避结构损伤带来的危害,对保障人民生命和财产安全至关重要。传统的结构健康监测大多依靠手动部署数据采集仪实现结构关键参数的测量,成本高且效率低。无线传感器网络可实现无线、直观的结构健康监测,但系统均采用电池供电,严重限制了网络寿命和应用场景。为了解决目前结构健康监测系统中数据采集不便、节点寿命有限等问题,本文基于射频能量收集技术设计并实现了一种可充电结构健康监测系统,具体研究内容和贡献有以下三点:1.系统阐述了可充电结构健康监测系统的宏观架构及组成部分,并对核充电、低功耗通信、应变测量和云端存储等核心模块设计进行详细说明。针对实时应用场景,考虑节点低功耗与高采样频率,提出系统设计思路。并从能量获取、存储和利用三方面说明系统设计难点及解决方法,为可充电结构健康监测系统的设计与实现提供了详细的理论指导与实践方法。2.在钢结构架设过程中,监测系统需实时返回数据,节点功耗必须尽可能低以保证较高的采样频率。本文基于被动式RFID通信设计了兼容商用阅读器的超低功耗无线监测节点,并使用RFID阅读器、接入无线网络的路由器自行设计了汇聚节点和云端存储与本地展示平台,搭建了完整的超低功耗结构健康监测系统实现钢结构表面应变和温度数据的实时获取、存储及展示。3.搭建实际的测试平台对所设计系统的能量收集性能、节点能量消耗性能、传感性能和无线通信性能进行评估分析。通过实验数据分析了射频能量收集传感节点的能量收集效率提升方法,系统测试结果表明系统能可靠稳定的工作,实现了高效的射频能量收集及利用、传感数据的即时准确获取以及结构健康参数的直观显示。
[Abstract]:Structural health monitoring can avoid the damage caused by structural damage and is very important to ensure the safety of people's life and property. Traditional structural health monitoring mostly depends on manual deployment of data acquisition device to achieve the measurement of key structural parameters with high cost and low efficiency. Wireless sensor networks can realize wireless and intuitive structural health monitoring, but battery power supply is used in all systems, which seriously limits the network life and application scenarios. In order to solve the problems of inconvenient data acquisition and limited node life in the current structural health monitoring system, a rechargeable structural health monitoring system is designed and implemented based on RF energy collection technology. Specific research content and contribution have the following three points: 1. The macroscopical architecture and components of the rechargeable structure health monitoring system are described systematically. The design of the core modules such as nuclear charging, low power communication, strain measurement and cloud storage are described in detail. Considering the low power consumption and high sampling frequency of nodes in real time application scene, the system design idea is put forward. The difficulties and solutions of system design are illustrated from three aspects of energy acquisition, storage and utilization, which provide detailed theoretical guidance and practical methods for the design and implementation of rechargeable structure health monitoring system. 2. In the process of steel structure erection, the monitoring system needs to return data in real time, and the node power consumption must be as low as possible to ensure a high sampling frequency. Based on passive RFID communication, an ultra-low power wireless monitoring node compatible with commercial readers is designed in this paper. Using RFID reader, routers accessing wireless network design convergence node, cloud storage and local display platform. An ultralow power consumption structure health monitoring system is built to obtain, store and display the surface strain and temperature data of steel structure in real time. The energy collection performance, node energy consumption performance, sensor performance and wireless communication performance of the designed system are evaluated and analyzed by building an actual test platform. Based on the experimental data, the energy collection efficiency of the radio-frequency energy collection sensor node is analyzed. The system test results show that the system can work reliably and stably, and achieve efficient RF energy collection and utilization. The real-time and accurate acquisition of sensing data and the visual display of structural health parameters.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274

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