3D虚拟博物馆系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-12-13 13:48

【摘要】：虚拟现实技术是应用计算机创建真实感场景并使用户体验虚拟世界的仿真系统,它利用计算机生成一种模拟环境,通过一些技术支持使人的听觉和视觉等得到感知,让人有一种沉浸式的体验。虚拟博物馆由于可以跨越区域限制,良好地记录和保存文物,并可以和用户进行互动,展示介绍文物,目前已受到越来越多研究者的关注,成为虚拟现实领域研究的热点之一。本文首先对虚拟博物馆的研究状况和相关技术进行阐述,然后针对已有的WebGL三维场景开发技术中存在的碰撞检测效率低、大场景渲染压力大等问题进行了分析,研究了三个关键技术并实现一种基于WebGL的3D虚拟博物馆系统,使用户可以流畅地漫游场景并进行交互。本文的主要工作如下:(1)给出了一种基于XML的场景构建方法。该方法将系统场景分为两类节点:一类是包含链接信息、模型节点和标识信息的布局节点,另一类是包含模型位置、材质、属性等信息的模型节点。在对资源服务器中的资源构建虚拟场景时,根据基于XML的场景构建规则,形成场景构建的配置文件,浏览器则根据XML的内容进行场景渲染并和服务器交互。实际应用结果表明该方法降低了场景的渲染压力并增加了交互性。(2)给出了一种基于WebGL的碰撞检测方法。该方法采用XML的树状结构确定碰撞区域,并对碰撞区域中的静态模型运用AABB包围盒来进行描述。在对象运动时,将根据采用鼠标或键盘两种不同运动方式来实现碰撞检测和运动控制。实际应用结果表明该方法可以快速检测场景中的连续碰撞。(3)提出了一种虚拟博物馆数据传输技术。该技术根据虚拟博物馆传输数据的特点,分为服务器存储的静态数据和交互时产生的动态数据。在系统运行时,根据传输数据的不同类型采用不同的数据传输方式,即对于静态数据采用基于HTTP的数据传输方式,对于动态数据则采用基于WebSocket的数据传输方式。实际应用结果表明该技术提高了虚拟场景的数据传输效率和实时性。(4)在对上述技术进行研究的基础上,本文设计并实现了一种基于WebGL的3D虚拟博物馆系统。在系统的客户端实现了虚拟场景展示、第一人称漫游和场景交互功能,服务器端则实现了场景管理、用户管理、数据备份等功能,并结合缓存机制和分布式部署,保证3D虚拟博物馆系统的高效运行和实时互动。
[Abstract]:Virtual reality technology is a simulation system that uses computer to create realistic scene and enable users to experience virtual world. It makes use of computer to create a simulation environment and makes people's hearing and vision be perceived through some technical support. It's an immersive experience. Virtual museum has attracted more and more researchers' attention and become one of the research hotspots in the field of virtual reality because it can span regional restrictions, record and preserve cultural relics well, and interact with users to display and introduce cultural relics. In this paper, the research status and related technologies of virtual museum are described, and then the problems of low efficiency of collision detection and high rendering pressure of large scene in the existing 3D scene development technology of WebGL are analyzed. This paper studies three key technologies and implements a 3D virtual museum system based on WebGL, which enables users to roam the scene smoothly and interact with each other. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) A scenario construction method based on XML is presented. This method divides the system scene into two kinds of nodes: one is the layout node which contains the link information, the model node and the identification information, the other is the model node which contains the information of model location, material, attribute and so on. When constructing virtual scene for resource server, according to the rules of scene construction based on XML, the configuration file is formed, and the browser renders the scene according to the content of XML and interacts with the server. The practical application results show that the method reduces the rendering pressure of the scene and increases the interaction. (2) A collision detection method based on WebGL is proposed. In this method, the XML tree structure is used to determine the collision area, and the static model in the collision region is described by AABB bounding box. When the object is moving, collision detection and motion control will be realized according to two different motion modes: mouse and keyboard. The practical application results show that this method can quickly detect continuous collisions in the scene. (3) A virtual museum data transmission technology is proposed. According to the characteristics of virtual museum data transmission, this technology can be divided into static data stored by server and dynamic data generated by interaction. When the system is running, different data transmission methods are adopted according to different types of data transmission, that is, for static data, data transmission mode based on HTTP, and data transmission mode based on WebSocket for dynamic data. The practical application results show that the technology improves the data transmission efficiency and real-time of virtual scene. (4) based on the research of the above technology, this paper designs and implements a 3D virtual museum system based on WebGL. Virtual scene display, first person roaming and scene interaction are implemented on the client side of the system, while scene management, user management, data backup and other functions are implemented on the server side, combined with cache mechanism and distributed deployment. Ensure the efficient operation and real-time interaction of the 3 D virtual museum system.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.9;G260.7;TP311.52

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