意义角力：福柯“微观权力”视野下新闻图片研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 17:42

【摘要】：大众媒介的多元竞争、数字摄影浪潮的新一轮攻占,加之互联网中图片传播方式的蓬勃发展,已经使得现代媒体进入了一个全新的图片传播时代。不论是报纸、杂志还是电视等传统媒体,还是近年来迅猛发展的网络媒体,这些大众媒介都给予新闻图片重要的一席之地。任何可读之物,如若缺少了图片的存在,便缺失了对受众的吸引力和视觉冲击力。自从进入读图时代,人们的阅读方式就已经发生了巨大的转变,早已从专注于文字理解转向于热衷图片直观。新闻图片因其拥有纪实性的属性,能够再现新闻事件的功能,而被人们视作忠实的记录者。因此,新闻图片被广泛应用于大众媒体的新闻报道中。然而,从生产和传播的角度深究,新闻媒体是新闻图片的生产者和传播者,不同的新闻机构权力和政治权力的倾向势必影响着新闻图片的生产、选择和传播。所以说,从这个层面上来说,新闻图片不仅是信息传播的一种方式,更是意识形态的一种载体。因而可以说,各种权力就躲藏在新闻图片的背后,无处不在。在透明的表征观念下,图片能客观、公正地再现现实生活。图片正是凭借其与生俱来的“真实性”,才更加能以一种掩人耳目、不易察觉的方式为权力所利用。在微观权力研究的视域下,新闻图片中宣称的客观、中立的态度都是构建而来的。所以说,新闻图片不论是从表达的范式上、内容上还是形式上,其中都总是蕴含了千丝万缕的权力关系。运用福柯微观权力理论对现实问题进行研究的资料已有不少,单纯研究福柯理论的学术论著也不在少数,但是大多运用于电影、电视或经典小说文本的研究和解读,而涉足新闻图片研究领域的却很少,因而在本研究中的运用就显得尤为必要且较有价值,不仅能丰富研究的范围,而且也能给相关的新闻图片研究提供微薄的一点经验。在本文中,将深入阐述微观权力在新闻图片的生产与传播过程中是如何体现的,以及新闻图片对权力的反作用力,是本文的目的和核心所在。本研究一共分为五个部分,第一部分为引言,阐明了选题的目的与价值、研究的背景与文献综述和相关概念界定;第二部分主要回顾了福柯微观权力理论;第三部分详细阐释了新闻图片文本中权力的微观化方式;第四部分论述了新闻图片在生产过程中所蕴含的权力与规训,意在说明权力控制着新闻图片的生成和传播范围,以及微观权力在新闻图片的生产和传播过程中时如何体现的;第五部分阐述新闻图片对权力的反作用力,意在说明图片本身也在抗衡着权力,而非任由权力摆布,它也是权力的施暴者。
[Abstract]:The pluralistic competition of mass media, the new wave of digital photography, and the vigorous development of the way of picture transmission in the Internet have made the modern media enter a new era of picture communication. Whether newspapers, magazines, TV and other traditional media, or the rapid development of Internet media in recent years, these mass media give news pictures an important place. Anything that is readable, without the presence of a picture, lacks the attraction and visual impact of the audience. Since the era of reading pictures, people's reading style has undergone a great change, from focusing on text understanding to keen on picture intuition. News picture is regarded as a faithful recorder because of its documentary nature and the function of reproducing news events. Therefore, news pictures are widely used in mass media news reports. However, from the point of view of production and dissemination, the news media is the producer and communicator of news pictures, and the tendency of power and political power of different news organizations will inevitably affect the production, selection and dissemination of news pictures. Therefore, on this level, news pictures are not only a way to spread information, but also a carrier of ideology. So it can be said that all kinds of power hiding behind the news pictures, everywhere. Under the concept of transparent representation, pictures can objectively and justly reproduce real life. It is because of its inherent authenticity that images can be used in a more subtle and subtle way for power. From the perspective of micro power research, the objective and neutral attitude claimed in news pictures is constructed. Therefore, no matter from the paradigm of expression, content or form, news pictures always contain inextricable power relations. There has been a lot of research on practical problems using Foucault's micro-power theory, and there are not a few academic works on Foucault's theory, but most of them are used in the study and interpretation of the texts of films, television or classical novels. However, there are few involved in the field of news picture research, so the application in this study is particularly necessary and valuable. It can not only enrich the scope of research, but also provide a little experience for the research of news pictures. In this paper, the purpose and core of this paper is to explain how micro power is reflected in the process of production and dissemination of news pictures and how news pictures react to power. This research is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which clarifies the purpose and value of the topic, the background and literature review of the research and the definition of related concepts. The second part reviews Foucault's micro power theory. The third part explains the microcosmic mode of power in the text of news picture in detail. The fourth part discusses the power and discipline contained in the production process of news pictures, which is intended to explain how power controls the generation and dissemination of news pictures, and how micro power is reflected in the process of production and dissemination of news pictures. The fifth part expounds the reactionary force of news pictures on power, which is intended to explain that the picture itself is also counterbalancing power, rather than being at the mercy of power, and it is also the abuser of power.
【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G206

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