平面空馈阵列天线的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 06:17

本文关键词：平面空馈阵列天线的设计与研究　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代无线通信技术的飞速发展和电子设备的不断升级,系统对天线的性能也提出了越来越高的要求。由于平面空馈阵列天线兼具空气耦合馈电天线和微带阵列天线的特点,具有高增益、低剖面、馈电简单、波束设计灵活等优点,逐渐受到国内外研究学者的广泛关注并发展成为天线领域的重要研究方向之一。因此,对平面空馈阵列天线技术展开研究具有重要的意义。本文对平面空馈阵列天线的两大分支-反射阵天线和透射阵天线进行了深入研究,在系统地总结了前人的研究成果的基础上,提出并设计了多种具有广阔应用前景的新型平面空馈阵列天线,主要研究内容可以概括为如下几个方面：1.对宽带圆极化反射阵天线进行设计和研究。提出了一种单层双开口圆环反射阵单元,通过对其结构参数进行优化获得了宽带的工作性能,然后将其用于旋转圆极化反射阵天线设计,分别实现了21.4%的2-dB增益带宽和35.3%的3-dB轴比带宽。2.对双频圆极化反射阵天线进行设计和研究。首先,提出了两种工作在不同频率的单层结构的十字单元,通过仿真得到,两种单元之间的相互影响作用很小,然后将这两种单元用于双频圆极化反射阵设计,结果表明设计的透射阵天线在高频段获得了11.1%的1-dB增益带宽和20.3%的3-dB轴比带宽,在低频段获得12%的1-dB增益带宽和9.9%的3-dB轴比带宽。其次,提出了两种工作在不同频率的FSS地板结构的反射阵单元,然后将这两种单元用于双频旋转圆极化反射阵设计。该天线利用不同FSS结构在不同频段呈现不同反透射特性的特点,有效地减小高低频单元之间的相互影响作用,并且通过单元旋转控制相移技术在高低频段分别获得了16.3%和7.5%的3-dB轴比带宽。最后提出并设计了一种单层结构的双频宽带圆极化反射阵天线。该天线通过利用不同周期尺寸的高低频单元和不同的相位补偿方法,实现了高低频单元之间的良好隔离。结果表明了该天线在高频段获得了14.1%的1-dB增益带宽和42%的3-dB轴比带宽,在低频段获得15.1%的1-dB增益带宽和22.9%的3-dB轴比带宽。3.对电控波束扫描反射阵天线进行设计和研究。首先,提出了一种加载5对电开关的开口类椭圆环单元并将其用于电控波束扫描反射阵天线设计。通过灵活控制阵列上每个单元的开关状态该天线能够实现波束扫描。其次,提出了一种加载电开关的方环单元并对其结构参数和开关数量进行优化,然后利用最终优化单元设计了一款电控波束扫描反射阵。仿真结果表明该天线能够实现±40度范围内的波束切换。最后,提出了一种仅加载3个电开关圆环单元并将其用于圆极化电控波束扫描反射阵设计,通过合理控制每个单元上的开关状态就可以实现反射相位的动态变化,从而使天线具备波束扫描能力,结果表明该天线能够实现一定角度范围内波束扫描。4.对低剖面高口径效率透射阵天线进行了设计和研究。首先,提出了一种双层结构的方环形缝隙单元,该单元采用改变缝隙尺寸的方式调节透射相移,之后对该单元的结构参数进行优化并利用最终优化单元设计了一款透射阵天线,通过仿真证明了该天线获得了12%的2-dB增益带宽。其次,提出了一种双层结构的三维十字振子单元并利用其设计了一款透射阵天线。其纵向剖面高度仅为中心频率处的0.22λ,相比于传统二维结构的透射阵天线具有相对较低的剖面高度,并且获得了高达64%的峰值口径利用效率。最后,提出了一种正交方向上尺寸不同的三维十字振子单元并将其用于旋转圆极化透射阵设计。由仿真结果可知,该天线获得了15.4%的3-dB轴比带宽和32%的峰值口径利用效率。5.对多极化透射阵天线进行了设计和研究。提出了一种三层结构的矩形环缝隙单元,该单元通过调节正交方向的缝隙尺寸就可以独立控制不同极化方向的透射相位,之后将其用于多极化透射阵天线设计。该天线通过合理调整线极化馈源天线的空间旋转角度就可以实现不同极化方式的方向图的切换,而且测试结果表明该天线的辐射方向图在5.5 GHz-6.5 GHz的频带内具有较好的一致性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous upgrading of the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology and electronic equipment, the performance of the antenna system is also put forward higher requirements. Because of the characteristics of planar space fed array antenna both air coupled antenna and microstrip array antenna, high gain, low profile, simple feed, the advantages of flexible beam design. Gradually by domestic and foreign researchers paid more attention and become one of the most important research direction of the antenna field. Therefore, research on planar space fed antenna array technology has important significance. The two branches of the planar array antenna space fed reflectarray antenna and transmission array antenna is studied, based on system summarizes the previous research results, proposed and designed a variety of promising novel planar space fed antenna array, the main research contents can be summarized as follows Several aspects: 1. of broadband circularly polarized reflectarray antenna design and research. This paper proposes a single double opening ring reflectarray element, through the optimization to get the working performance of the broadband on the structural parameters, then used for the design of rotating circular polarized reflectarray antenna, respectively, to achieve the 3-dB axis and 21.4% 2-dB gain the bandwidth and the ratio of 35.3%.2. bandwidth of circularly polarized reflectarray antenna design and research. First, put forward two kinds of work in the cross unit single-layer structure of different frequencies, obtained through simulation, very little interaction between the two units, the two unit for the design of dual band circularly polarized reflectarray and the results show that transmission array antenna design in high frequency was 11.1% 1-dB gain bandwidth and 20.3% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 3-dB axis, 12% 1-dB and 9.9% in the low frequency gain bandwidth than the bandwidth. Second, put forward two kinds of work in the reflection FSS floor structure of different frequencies of the array unit, the two unit for the design of dual band circular polarization rotation reflection array antenna using FSS. Characteristics of the different structure has different anti transmission characteristics in different frequency bands, effectively reduce the interaction between high and low frequency unit, and phase shifting technique in high and low frequency bands were obtained from 16.3% 3-dB and 7.5% axial ratio bandwidth. The unit rotation control are proposed and the dual band broadband circularly polarized reflectarray antenna of a single-layer structure design. The antenna by using the high frequency unit of different period size and phase compensation in different methods, to achieve a good isolation between high and low frequency unit. The result shows that the antenna in the high frequency band achieved 14.1% 1-dB gain bandwidth and 42% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, 15.1% 1-dB and 22.9% in the low frequency gain bandwidth The.3. on the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of electronic scanning beam reflectarray antenna design and research. Firstly, proposed a load of 5 of electric switch opening elliptic ring unit and the design of electronic beam scanningreflectarray antennas. Through flexible control on the array switch status of each unit of the antenna can realize beam scanning. Secondly, put forward a load power switch unit and the number of square ring structure parameters and switch are optimized, then the final optimized unit designed a control beam scanningreflectarray. Simulation results show that the antenna can realize beam switching + 40 degree range. Finally, put forward a kind of loading only 3 electrical switch ring unit and used for circular polarization control beam scanningreflectarray design, dynamic change by controlling the switching state of each unit can be achieved on the reflection phase, thus The antenna with beam scanning ability, the results show that the antenna can be achieved within the range of a certain angle beam scanning.4. design and research of low profile and high aperture efficiency transmission array antenna. Firstly, we propose a two-level structure of square ring slot units, the unit by adjusting the transmission phase shift change gap size way the structure parameters of the unit are optimized and the optimized unit of a transmission antenna design, the simulation proved that the antenna achieves a 2-dB gain bandwidth of 12%. Secondly, put forward the three dimensional cross dipole unit with a double-layer structure and the design of a transmission antenna. The longitudinal the profile of the center frequency is only 0.22 lambda, compared to the traditional two-dimensional array antenna transmission structure has a relatively low profile, and the utilization efficiency of peak bore up to 64%. After the, Put forward a three-dimensional cross dipole element in a direction orthogonal to different sizes and for the design of rotating circular polarization transmission matrix. The simulation result shows that the antenna achieves a 15.4% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth and 32% peak aperture efficiency of.5. on multi polarization transmission array antenna is designed and put forward a study. The three layer structure of rectangular ring slot units, the transmission phase of the unit can be independently controlled by adjusting the gap size of different polarization orthogonal direction, then the design for multi polarization transmission array antenna. The antenna can be switched by adjusting rotational angle on the realization of linear polarization antenna of different polarization direction map and the test results show that the radiation pattern of the antenna has good consistency in the 5.5 GHz-6.5 GHz band.

【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820.15

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