光纤Bragg光栅监测系统研制优化及其边坡工程应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 04:15

  本文关键词：光纤Bragg光栅监测系统研制优化及其边坡工程应用研究　出处：《山东大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 边坡地质灾害 光纤Bragg光栅 静态/动态应变重构 信号处理 光纤复用

【摘要】：由中国国土资源部的数据可得：自2010年至2014年五年以来,边坡地质灾害发生次数占我国地质灾害(边坡滑坡、泥石流、沉降等)总数的70%,而且常年居高不下。边坡地质灾害每年都会造成巨大的人员伤亡及经济损失,这严重影响着我国国民的安全生产生活,制约着经济建设和社会的快速发展。因此,针对边坡地质灾害所占比例系数大及其本身突发性强、分布范围广、具有一定的隐蔽性等特点,全面系统的开展边坡地质灾害,特别是人为因素影响较大的边坡地质灾害研究,构建有效的工程预测监控技术,对于及早及时的发现并提出相应的灾害预防措施,对于避免人口死亡失踪、减少经济损失、提高国民安全生产生活质量具有十分重要的意义。经过几十年的发展,光纤Bragg光栅(fiber Bragg grating)因其本身特性,如体积小、复用能力强、检测精度高、本质安全、抗电磁干扰、易于实现远距离信号传输,为实现边坡地质灾害监测提供了较为有效的解决方式。然而,由于边坡地质灾害具有突发性强、分布范围广、具有一定的隐蔽性特点,现有光纤Bragg光栅监测技术在边坡监测中存在一定的不足：动态应力作用下光栅反射光谱影响与栅格区域应力重构研究相对较少；多维多参量共采的检测元件相对较少；后期数据处理方式较为单一；光纤Bragg光栅系统复用成本较大。这些在一定程度上限制了光纤Bragg光栅监测系统在大型地质工程中的实际应用。基于上述分析讨论,本文以边坡地质灾害作为光纤Bragg光栅监测系统的工程应用对象,选取下穿隧道边坡落石突发性模型试验及黄土高原边坡蠕变滑坡监测作为工程样本,基于光纤Bragg光栅传输矩阵理论研究了栅格区域非均匀静态／动态应变的影响及其重构检测(理论分析),研制了适用于地质模型试验及工程现场的微型化及工程化光纤Bragg光栅传感器(器件开发),应用信号处理技术提高了光栅传感器的检测精度(性能优化),采用改进盲源分离算法实现了同波长光纤的单通道复用(网络扩展),构建了光纤Bragg光栅监测系统并对其边坡工程应用性能进行了分析研究(系统集成应用)。本文的主要研究工作如下：1)基于光纤Bragg光栅传输矩阵理论研究了光栅栅格区域非均匀应力特别是动态非均匀应力场的光谱特性与应力重构检测,以期指导光纤光栅检测元件的研发并实现边坡灾害的突发性动态监测,具体为：①分析静态非均匀应力对于光纤Bragg光栅反射光谱特性的影响并在此结论的基础上,选取反射光谱波长覆盖范围宽、反射谱功率较为均匀的线性啁啾光栅作为研究对象研究了动态非均匀应力对于光栅反射光谱的影响；②为保证光栅反射数据采集速率、实现非均匀性应力重构提供数据支持,采用远低于Nyquist采样定理要求的压缩感知算法实现了光栅全光谱的低采样、高精度重构；③在分析非均匀应力场对于光栅反射光谱特性影响及全光谱低采样传输、高精度重构的基础上,提出了基于多参数约束的光栅栅格区域非均匀应力分布重构的自适应改进算法。2)以电类传感器设计原则作为脚本,给出了光纤Bragg光栅传感器设计原则,并基于此,研制了适用于模型试验的微型化光纤Bragg光栅传感器(基于椭圆环的共原点三维应变传感器、微型光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器、微型光纤Bragg光栅位移传感器等)及可实现工程现场测量的工程类光纤Bragg光栅传感单元(光纤Bragg光栅锚索测力计、大量程变精度的位移传感器、可辨周向的倾斜传感器等)。3)采用信号处理技术(小波变换、Duffing混沌振子模型、希尔伯特-黄变换)有效的提取光纤Bragg光栅检测数据中的静态及动态信息,进一步提高了光纤Bragg光栅检测单元的检测精度,并基于此研发了可实现多参量同时采集的流速／温度共采的光纤Bragg光栅流速传感器与可实现倾斜、加速度及温度同时测量的光栅腕式振动传感器。4)总结现有光纤Bragg光栅复用技术(波分复用、时分复用、空分复用)在分布范围广的边坡地质灾害监测应用中的限制,基于改进盲源分离算法提出了同波长光纤单通道复用技术并通过仿真及验证试验对其可行性进行了验证。这在一定程度上扩展了光纤Bragg光栅监测系统的网络规模。5)将光纤Bragg光栅监测系统应用于模型试验(海底隧道,下穿隧道边坡落石)及工程现场(兰州黑方台)中,实现了边坡变形状态的实时在线监测。系统运行期间成功的预报了工程现场的滑坡状态,及时有序的撤离了群众,避免了人员伤亡。中国地质调查局给出的应用效果证实了该系统具有重要的社会效益及生态效益。
[Abstract]:China by the Ministry of land and resources data available from 2010 to 2014 five years, the slope geological disasters accounted for the number of geological disasters in China (slope landslide, debris flow, settlement etc.) 70% of the total, and perennial high. The slope geological disaster every year will cause casualties and huge economic losses, which seriously affected safety production and life of Chinese people, restricting the rapid development of economic construction and society. Therefore, the slope geological hazard proportion coefficient and its sudden strong, wide distribution, has the characteristics of concealment, a comprehensive system to carry out geological disasters, especially the research of slope geological disaster influence human factors, construction technology and effective forecasting and monitoring project, for as soon as possible to timely find and put forward the corresponding measures for disaster prevention, to avoid death missing, reduce economic loss. Yet, it is of great significance to improve the quality of life of national safety production. After decades of development, fiber Bragg grating (fiber Bragg grating) because of its own characteristics, such as small volume, high reusability, high detection precision, safety, anti electromagnetic interference, easy to realize the long-distance signal transmission, and provide a more effective solution to the implementation of geological disaster monitoring of slope. However, due to the slope of geological disasters with a sudden strong, wide distribution, with some hidden features, there are existing fiber Bragg grating monitoring technology in slope monitoring in some shortcomings: the grating reflection spectrum and raster region stress force should be relatively less dynamic reconfiguration multi parameter detecting element; exploitation of relatively less; data processing mode is single; fiber Bragg grating multiplexing system in a certain degree of these high costs. Limited the practical application of the optical fiber Bragg grating monitoring system in large-scale geological engineering. The discussion based on the above analysis, the slope geological disaster as engineering application object fiber Bragg grating monitoring system, selection of tunnel slope rockfall sudden model test and the loess plateau slope creep landslide monitoring project as a sample, the transfer matrix theory of fiber Bragg study on the regional grid grating effect of inhomogeneous static / dynamic strain and reconstruction (detection based on theoretical analysis), suitable for field test and engineering geological model of the miniaturization and engineering of fiber Bragg grating sensor is developed (devices), the application of signal processing technology to improve the detection accuracy of grating sensor (optimization), the the single channel multiplexing wavelength fiber improved blind source separation algorithm (Network), construction of fiber Bragg grating monitoring system The system is analyzed to study the slope engineering application performance (integrated application system). The main research work of this paper are as follows: 1) the non-uniform stress and strain reconstruction especially to detect spectral characteristics of dynamic non-uniform stress field of the grating grid area transfer matrix theory of fiber Bragg grating is studied based on dynamic monitoring, emergency to guide the research and development of fiber grating sensing element and slope disasters as follows: specific analysis of static non-uniform stress influence on spectral characteristics of fiber gratings and Bragg based on the conclusion, select the reflected light spectrum wavelength covers a wide range, as the research object to study the dynamic non-uniform stress effect on grating the power spectrum of reflection spectrum uniform linear chirped grating; the grating reflection in order to ensure the data acquisition rate, realize the non-uniform stress reconstruction provides data support, mining Using compressed sensing algorithm is much lower than the Nyquist sampling theorem to achieve the full spectrum of low sampling grating, high precision reconstruction; in the analysis of non uniform stress field for the spectral characteristics of grating reflection effect and the full spectrum of low sampling precision transmission, based on the reconstruction of the uniform stress distribution, improved adaptive reconstruction algorithm of.2 grating grid area is proposed based on multi parameter constraint) to non electrical sensor design principle is given as a script, fiber Bragg grating sensor design principle, and based on this, suitable for model test of miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor has been developed (origin 3D strain sensor, elliptic ring based on micro fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor. Micro fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor) and can realize the field engineering measurement engineering fiber Bragg grating sensing unit (fiber Bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer, The large range of variable precision displacement sensor and tilt sensor discernible circumferential etc.) (.3) by using signal processing techniques of wavelet transform, Duffing chaotic oscillator model, Hilbert Huang Transform) static and dynamic information extraction of effective detection of fiber Bragg grating data, further improve the detection accuracy of fiber Bragg grating detection unit based on this, the research of fiber Bragg grating flow sensor can realize multi parameter simultaneous acquisition of velocity / temperature were collected and can be tilted grating vibration sensor.4 and wrist measuring acceleration and temperature) existing fiber Bragg grating multiplexing (WDM, TDM and WDM) in slope disaster monitoring applications a wide range of distribution restrictions in the improved blind source separation algorithm is proposed with single wavelength fiber channel multiplexing technology and the simulation and the verification test based on For isvalidated. This extends to the fiber Bragg grating monitoring system.5 network scale to a certain extent) the application of fiber Bragg grating monitoring system in model test (subsea tunnel, tunnel slope rockfall and on-site engineering (Lanzhou) Heifangtai), realize the real-time online monitoring of slope deformation. The system successfully predicted the landslide site, timely and orderly evacuation of the masses, to avoid casualties. The application effect of China geological survey also confirmed that the system has important social benefits and ecological benefits.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P642.2;TP212
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本文编号：1372326