媒介生态学视角下的台湾电视新闻同质化现象研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 03:21

  本文关键词：媒介生态学视角下的台湾电视新闻同质化现象研究　出处：《苏州大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 媒介生态 电视新闻 新闻同质化 媒介文化

【摘要】：蕞尔小岛的台湾约有2300万的人口,却有多达七家24小时全天候播出的电视新闻台,堪称是全世界电视新闻台密度最高的国家。此一盛况源于1991年台湾开放有线电视的设立许可,遂打破了长期以来党政军垄断电视媒体及言论一言堂的局面,渠料数量多样的电视新闻台却因为恶性竞争等诸多原因反而造成电视新闻内容的同质化,内容多元化的期待落空,甚至引发社会大众对电视新闻媒体的高度不满,批评媒体是社会的乱源。日益严重的电视新闻同质化趋向,使得台湾受众接收的是“非多元化”的信息,此一同质化是一种偏向性的失实,排挤公共信息的能见度,将不利于民主社会对多元声音的基本需求,这种偏向是信息生态的失衡,势将导致台湾电视新闻媒介生态的失衡,进一步地引发社会生态系统的失衡和危机。本论文主要借助媒介生态学相关理论,结合电视新闻产制生态现象,主要运用文献分析法、参与观察法与深度访谈法,对市场经济下的台湾电视新闻同质化进行考察和分析,解读电视新闻同质化对信息生态、媒介生态及社会生态系统的影响。第一章针对媒介原生态,也就是从“组织层次”探究新闻同质化的关系,包括媒体生态位、媒介常规、市场导向等产业结构面向,如何影响电视新闻同质化。本研究的六家新闻台都是市场导向的商业电视台,在生态位的选定上,就已经确立了商业利益至上的趋向,此一趋向导引着新闻台竞相产制感官主义式的新闻为主流,排挤公共议题信息的露出机会,导致公共舆论的社会效益被牺牲,且逐渐形成媒介的新常规,久而久之,媒体组织从高层到底层的新闻工作者,皆耽溺在常规中而停滞,不但欠缺创新突破的企图心,更无暇坚守应有的社会责任第二章针对媒介内生态,从“职业层次”与新闻同质化的研究,包括一窝蜂的产制行为、记者间的互动与媒体博奕、记者间的会稿机制等产制环境面向,如何影响电视新闻同质化。一窝蜂的产制行为是新闻工作者的惰性使然,而一窝蜂产制行为存在于采访、编辑到播报的流程中,同时,不同媒体的记者和记者间的人际互动需求、会稿机制,都导致了烂独家充斥、无关紧要独家新闻等无用信息,使得台湾电视新闻毫无差异性的同质化,另外,新闻工作者对于消息来源的过度依赖,进而受制于消息来源,媒体监视环境的能力式微。第三章针对媒介外生态,从“制度层次”与新闻同质化的研究,包括收视率导向、新传播科技、异业媒体或第三方影音(tpv)等竞争市场与广告面向,如何影响电视新闻同质化。收视率做为电视新闻台的产制指标,引领着新闻台的市场导向与记者的产制行为,日新月异的新传播科技不断地影响产制行为、产制流程与常规,异业媒体的竞争白热化,更影响电视新闻内容取向,导致电视新闻追逐经济效益的极大化,而大量产制污染的、伪劣的、表相的信息,使得真相性、知识性、重要性、思想性等信息匮乏,这是电视新闻台对社会责任的弃守。第四章基于前三章的分析,台湾电视媒介新闻同质化的偏向,严重冲击台湾电视新闻的生态环境,且从原生态、内生态、外生态都产生了质变,使得台湾电视新闻台的信息失衡。从原生态就出现根源上的病征,使得在内生态上也一并出现产制面的问题,加上外生态的竞争环境、广告等因素对原生态与内生态的影响,使得台湾电视新闻产业出现全面性的生态失衡。第五章从电视新闻台的信息失衡,以媒介生态平衡观进一步探究媒介生态的危机,媒介做为社会公器和人民喉舌的角色,台湾电视新闻台不论在原生态、内生态或外生态上出现任何生态失控或失衡,势必对人类的生产和生活产生极大影响,对已经形成的生态平衡关系造成破坏。本研究发现,台湾电视新闻生态有三大危机:(一)第四权力(thefourthestate)的退缩;(二)公共领域(publicsphere)的衰微;(三)电视新闻的弱智化。对于台湾电视新闻台所遭遇的生态危机,本研究也基于媒介生态平衡观,提出寻回生态平衡的出路与转机:(一)坚持平等—落实媒体“问责系统”机制的建构;(二)鼓励创新—跳脱收视率箝制,挖掘新的生态位;(三)倡导绿色—深化媒体识读教育与公民监督媒体机制;(四)提倡多元—实行生态位分离策略规避恶性竞争。过去针对电视新闻同质化的相关研究都是从单一层面切入,无法看到较为巨观的电视新闻同质化全貌,以及电视新闻同质化所导致的生态危机,本研究是第一个从台湾电视新闻同质化出发,探究电视新闻同质化所引发的信息生态失衡,以及信息生态失衡如何导致电视媒介生态的危机,是理论与实践交互验证的初探性研究,本研究从产制内容与市场竞争等结构面向进行媒介多元研究,有助于媒体多元理论的建构,同时研究结果将有助于电视新闻产业界改善电视新闻同质化的偏向,以及所引发的电视媒介生态危机,对于健全台湾电视媒介的生态环境略尽棉薄之力。
[Abstract]:About 23 million of the population of Taiwan is tiny, there are as many as seven television news broadcast 24 hours a day, which is the world television news station in the country with the highest density of this event. Permission to set up in Taiwan in 1991 to open source cable, then break the government monopoly situation of TV media and speech What I say goes. long-term since the quantity of various canal television news but because of vicious competition and other reasons resulting in TV news content homogenization, diversified expectations, and even lead to social public dissatisfaction over the television news media, media criticism is the social source of chaos. The growing trend of TV news homogenization, making the Taiwan audience the reception is "diversified" information, the homogeneity is a biased false exclusion of public information visibility, will not be conducive to a democratic society for multiple The basic demand of sound, this bias is the unbalance of information ecology, will lead to the imbalance of Taiwan TV news media ecology, further lead to social ecosystem imbalances and crisis. This thesis mainly through the media ecology theory, combined with the TV news production ecological phenomenon, mainly using literature analysis, participant observation and in-depth interview for, of market economy under the Taiwan TV news of the quality inspection and analysis, interpretation of the TV news homogenization of information ecology, ecological and social effects of media ecological system. The first chapter in the medium of the original ecosystem, also is from the organizational level of quality news, including the media niche, conventional media, facing the market oriented industrial structure, how to influence the TV news homogenization. On the six news stations are commercial television market oriented, in the niche selection Set, have been established on the trend of commercial interest, this trend guide with news to produce sensory style news as the mainstream, with opportunities of public issues of information out, leading to public social benefits to be sacrificed, and gradually formed a new routine, the media in the course of time, media organizations from the top in the end the journalists are caught up in routine and stagnation, not only the lack of innovation breakthrough ambitions, but no time to adhere to their social responsibility in the second chapter, media ecology, from the "occupation level" and the news homogenization of the research, including the production of acts like a swarm of bees, interaction and game between the media reporters, reporters the release mechanism of production oriented environment, how to influence the TV news homogenization. Like a swarm of bees production behavior is due to the inertia of journalists, and like a swarm of bees production activities exist in the interview and editing to broadcast The process, at the same time, the need for interaction of different media between journalists and reporters, will release mechanism, have led to the bad news exclusive exclusive is of no great importance of useless information, make no difference of Taiwan TV news homogenization, in addition, journalists over reliance on sources, and subject to the news sources the ability to monitor the environment, micro media. The third chapter in the media ecology research, from the "system level" and the news homogenization, including ratings oriented, new communication technology, different media or third party video (TPV) market competition and advertising for television news, how to influence the homogeneity. The ratings for TV news the production index, market orientation and press leading news production, new communication technology change rapidly constantly influence the production behavior, production process and conventional, in different media. For white hot, more influence of TV news content orientation, resulting in pursuit of economic benefits maximization of TV news, and mass production of pollution, shoddy, superficial information makes the truth, knowledge, importance, thinking of the lack of information, this is a television news agency will responsible for abandoning the fourth. Based on the analysis of the first three chapters, Taiwan TV media news homogenization tendency, serious ecological environmental impact of Taiwan TV news, and from the original ecology, ecological, ecological has produced a qualitative change, the Taiwan TV news station information imbalance. Appeared on the root of the symptom from the original ecology, ecology, the also have production problems, coupled with the ecological environment of competition, advertising and other factors on the original ecology and ecological, the Taiwan TV news industry comprehensive ecological imbalance. The fifth chapter from the TV news station information loss Heng, to further explore the media ecological crisis in the media ecological balance, social justice and media as the mouthpiece of the role of Taiwan TV news station in the original ecological, ecological or ecological control or any ecological imbalance, is bound to have a great influence on the human life and production, destruction of ecological. Balance has been formed the study found that Taiwan TV news has three major ecological crisis: (a) fourth power (thefourthestate) of the back; (two) the decline of public sphere (Publicsphere); (three) TV news. The retarded the ecological crisis of Taiwan TV news station encountered, this study also based on the balance of media ecology view, and put forward the way and turn back the ecological balance: (a) to implement the "construction to adhere to the principle of equality - media accountability system" mechanism; (two) encourage innovation to jump off the ratings clamped, mining new niches; (three) advocate green - deepen the media literacy education and citizen media supervision mechanism; (four) advocating the multi - Implementation of niche separation strategy to avoid vicious competition. The related research in the past for the TV news homogenization is starting from a single level, unable to see more macroscopic picture of TV news, TV news homogenization, homogenization due to the ecological crisis, this is the first study starting from the Taiwan TV news homogenization, explore the information ecological imbalance caused by TV news homogenization, and information ecological imbalance leads to the media ecological crisis, is a preliminary study on the theory and practice of cross validation, this study from the production of content and market competition the structure of multi media oriented research, helps to build the theory of media pluralism, at the same time, the research results will help to improve the TV news TV news industry homogenization The bias, as well as the ecological crisis caused by the television media, will do a little bit more to improve the ecological environment of the Taiwan TV media.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G220.7
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本文编号：1403655