硅基模式相关器件及其在多维复用系统中的应用
发布时间：2018-08-20 19:51
【摘要】：随着人们对通信速度和容量需求的高速增长,光通信技术以其高速率,大容量,低功耗的优势形成了蓬勃发展的局面。为了追求更大的传输容量和带宽,多种复用技术如波分复用(WDM)、时分复用(TDM)、偏振复用(PDM)、空分复用(SDM)等,被学术界和产业界广泛研究,其中WDM技术作为最成熟的复用技术,已经广泛应用于商用光网络中,而同时采用多种复用技术来进一步提升通信容量的多维复用系统也成为研究的热点。另一方面,为减小器件尺寸、降低成本、减小功耗,硅基光子集成技术被普遍认为是下一代光通信网络的发展方向。所以,利用硅基光子集成芯片实现多维复用系统以及其相关控制、路由等高级功能对高速光通信系统的发展有着重大的意义。本论文首先对模式转换涉及到的机理及理论模型进行了分析,设计制作了不同类型的硅基模式转换／复用器件。在此基础上,开发了多种应用于模式复用及多维复用系统中的功能性器件,并对其在发射、交换路由、接收等方面的应用进行了系统深入的研究。本论文的主要内容有以下几个方面：(1)研究了三种基于绝缘体上硅(SO1)平台的片上模式转换／复用器件,分别采用级联多模干涉耦合器(MMI)加相移器结构、非对称定向耦合器结构以及微环谐振器结构。提出了一种改进型高性能模式复用器,在提高转换效率的同时,大大降低模式串扰。这部分内容为后续模式复用及其应用于多维复用系统的研究打下了坚实的基础。(2)设计制作了偏振可控制的片上模式转换器,该器件由二维光子晶体光栅与微环谐振器型模式转换器构成。单模光纤中的信号进入芯片,通过控制进入芯片的信号偏振态,可以在输出的少模光纤中选择性地得到需要的模式。同时研究了二维光子晶体光栅与少模光纤的耦合问题,对结合光纤和芯片的模式复用技术有重要的参考意义。最后对实际制作的器件进行了详细的测试,红外电荷耦合元件(CCD)从少模光纤中观测的模斑充分证实了器件的功能。并对该器件进行了四波长WDM 40Gb/s非归零-开关键控(NRZ-OOK)信号的传输实验,得到了良好的眼图和误码结果。(3)提出了带解调开关功能的片上模式复用系统,该系统可用于长距离光纤通信系统与短距离片上通信系统的光互连中。其中模式复用部分采用微环谐振器型模式转换／复用器件,设计优化了微环结构和参数,从而得到实现解调功能所需的频谱特性。其动态解调功能可通过热光效应来实现,对热调部分也提供了建模仿真。最后对制作的器件进行了详细的测试,器件的损耗、串扰、频谱特性都给出了定量的结果。目前展示的器件能复用三个模式和四个波长,未来在模式数目以及波长数目上仍具有拓展性。(4)提出了适用于模式复用系统的片上数据交换芯片,可用于实现模式复用网络中的路由和交换等高级功能,同时该芯片与成熟的WDM技术兼容,可用于WDM-MDM的多维复用系统中。其中模式互换部分由两个微环谐振器型模式转换／复用器件构成,中间采用绝热锥形耦合器连接,以确保模式的无损无串扰变换。对制作的器件分别进行了单波长和四波长信号的传输实验,测试得到的眼图和误码曲线证实了器件的功能,并表征了优良的性能。(5)首次提出了偏振复用-模式复用转换器的概念,在SO1平台上结合二维光子晶体光栅结构以及级联MMI型模式转换／复用器实现了光纤中的偏振复用信号到片上模式复用信号的转换。其中通过引入分布式布拉格反射型(DBR)光栅结构减小了二维光子晶体光栅的损耗,用反蝴蝶型结构代替传统的蝴蝶型相移器结构提升了相移器的工艺容差,这些优化对器件的实际制作和性能提升有重要意义。测试中对制作的器件进行了40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK信号的传输实验,测试得到的眼图和误码曲线充分证明了器件的良好性能。(6)设计制作了基于模式干涉的4x4MMI和级联2×2MMI加相移器两种结构的90度混频器(hybrid),在分析器件机理的基础上,在SO1集成平台上完成了器件的设计和工艺制作,并对器件进行了详细的测试和性能参数的标定。该器件可用于多维复用系统相干探测中。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of people's demand for communication speed and capacity, optical communication technology with its advantages of high speed, large capacity and low power consumption has become a flourishing situation.In order to pursue greater transmission capacity and bandwidth, a variety of multiplexing technologies, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), polarization multiplexing (PDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), have been studied by academia. WDM technology, as the most mature multiplexing technology, has been widely used in commercial optical networks. At the same time, multi-multiplexing technology to further enhance the communication capacity of multi-dimensional multiplexing system has become a research hotspot. On the other hand, in order to reduce device size, reduce costs, reduce power consumption, silicon-based photonic integration. Technology is generally regarded as the development direction of the next generation optical communication network. Therefore, the use of silicon-based photonic integrated chips to realize multi-dimensional multiplexing system and its related control, routing and other advanced functions is of great significance to the development of high-speed optical communication systems. Different types of silicon-based mode-switching/multiplexing devices are designed and fabricated. On this basis, a variety of functional devices used in mode-multiplexing and multidimensional multiplexing systems are developed, and their applications in transmitting, switching routing, receiving and other fields are systematically studied. 1) Three on-chip mode-switching/multiplexing devices based on insulator-on-silicon (SO1) platform are studied. The cascaded multi-mode interference coupler (MMI) plus phase shifter structure, asymmetric directional coupler structure and micro-ring resonator structure are adopted respectively. An improved high-performance mode multiplexer is proposed, which can improve the conversion efficiency and greatly reduce the cost. Mode crosstalk. This part lays a solid foundation for subsequent mode multiplexing and its application in multi-dimensional multiplexing systems. (2) A polarization-controlled on-chip mode converter is designed and fabricated, which consists of two-dimensional photonic crystal grating and micro-ring resonator mode converter. The polarization state of the signal entering the chip can selectively obtain the desired modes in the output few-mode fiber. The coupling between two-dimensional photonic crystal grating and the few-mode fiber is also studied, which is of great significance to the mode multiplexing technology combining the fiber and the chip. Finally, the actual device is tested in detail. External charge coupled device (CCD) is used to observe the mode patterns in a few-mode fiber, which fully confirms the function of the device. The transmission experiment of four-wavelength WDM 40Gb/s NRZ-OOOK signal is carried out and good eye diagram and bit error results are obtained. (3) An on-chip mode multiplexing system with demodulation switching function is proposed. For the optical interconnection between long-distance optical fiber communication systems and short-distance on-chip communication systems, the mode multiplexing part uses a micro-ring resonator mode conversion/multiplexing device, and the structure and parameters of the micro-ring are optimized in order to obtain the spectrum characteristics needed for demodulation. The thermoregulation part also provides modeling and simulation. Finally, the device is tested in detail. The loss, crosstalk and spectrum characteristics of the device are given quantitative results. This chip is compatible with mature WDM technology and can be used in WDM-MDM multi-dimensional multiplexing system. The mode interchange part is composed of two micro-ring resonator mode conversion/multiplexing devices with adiabatic cone in the middle. In order to ensure the mode lossless and non-crosstalk conversion, the single-wavelength and four-wavelength signal transmission experiments were carried out on the fabricated devices respectively. The eye diagram and error-code curve obtained from the tests confirmed the function of the device and characterized its excellent performance. (5) The concept of polarization multiplexing-mode multiplexing converter was first proposed on the SO1 platform. Combining two-dimensional photonic crystal grating structure and cascaded MMI mode converter/multiplexer, the conversion from polarization multiplexed signal to on-chip mode multiplexed signal is realized. The loss of two-dimensional photonic crystal grating is reduced by introducing distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) grating structure, and the traditional structure is replaced by anti-butterfly structure. The structure of butterfly phase shifter improves the process tolerance of the phase shifter, and these optimizations are of great significance to the actual fabrication and performance improvement of the device.The transmission experiment of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOOK signal is carried out in the test, and the eye diagram and error code curve obtained from the test fully prove the good performance of the device. Based on the analysis of the device mechanism, the design and fabrication of the device are completed on the SO1 integrated platform. The device is tested in detail and the performance parameters are calibrated. The device can be used in the coherent detection of multidimensional multiplexing systems.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN929.1
本文编号：2194800
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of people's demand for communication speed and capacity, optical communication technology with its advantages of high speed, large capacity and low power consumption has become a flourishing situation.In order to pursue greater transmission capacity and bandwidth, a variety of multiplexing technologies, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), polarization multiplexing (PDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), have been studied by academia. WDM technology, as the most mature multiplexing technology, has been widely used in commercial optical networks. At the same time, multi-multiplexing technology to further enhance the communication capacity of multi-dimensional multiplexing system has become a research hotspot. On the other hand, in order to reduce device size, reduce costs, reduce power consumption, silicon-based photonic integration. Technology is generally regarded as the development direction of the next generation optical communication network. Therefore, the use of silicon-based photonic integrated chips to realize multi-dimensional multiplexing system and its related control, routing and other advanced functions is of great significance to the development of high-speed optical communication systems. Different types of silicon-based mode-switching/multiplexing devices are designed and fabricated. On this basis, a variety of functional devices used in mode-multiplexing and multidimensional multiplexing systems are developed, and their applications in transmitting, switching routing, receiving and other fields are systematically studied. 1) Three on-chip mode-switching/multiplexing devices based on insulator-on-silicon (SO1) platform are studied. The cascaded multi-mode interference coupler (MMI) plus phase shifter structure, asymmetric directional coupler structure and micro-ring resonator structure are adopted respectively. An improved high-performance mode multiplexer is proposed, which can improve the conversion efficiency and greatly reduce the cost. Mode crosstalk. This part lays a solid foundation for subsequent mode multiplexing and its application in multi-dimensional multiplexing systems. (2) A polarization-controlled on-chip mode converter is designed and fabricated, which consists of two-dimensional photonic crystal grating and micro-ring resonator mode converter. The polarization state of the signal entering the chip can selectively obtain the desired modes in the output few-mode fiber. The coupling between two-dimensional photonic crystal grating and the few-mode fiber is also studied, which is of great significance to the mode multiplexing technology combining the fiber and the chip. Finally, the actual device is tested in detail. External charge coupled device (CCD) is used to observe the mode patterns in a few-mode fiber, which fully confirms the function of the device. The transmission experiment of four-wavelength WDM 40Gb/s NRZ-OOOK signal is carried out and good eye diagram and bit error results are obtained. (3) An on-chip mode multiplexing system with demodulation switching function is proposed. For the optical interconnection between long-distance optical fiber communication systems and short-distance on-chip communication systems, the mode multiplexing part uses a micro-ring resonator mode conversion/multiplexing device, and the structure and parameters of the micro-ring are optimized in order to obtain the spectrum characteristics needed for demodulation. The thermoregulation part also provides modeling and simulation. Finally, the device is tested in detail. The loss, crosstalk and spectrum characteristics of the device are given quantitative results. This chip is compatible with mature WDM technology and can be used in WDM-MDM multi-dimensional multiplexing system. The mode interchange part is composed of two micro-ring resonator mode conversion/multiplexing devices with adiabatic cone in the middle. In order to ensure the mode lossless and non-crosstalk conversion, the single-wavelength and four-wavelength signal transmission experiments were carried out on the fabricated devices respectively. The eye diagram and error-code curve obtained from the tests confirmed the function of the device and characterized its excellent performance. (5) The concept of polarization multiplexing-mode multiplexing converter was first proposed on the SO1 platform. Combining two-dimensional photonic crystal grating structure and cascaded MMI mode converter/multiplexer, the conversion from polarization multiplexed signal to on-chip mode multiplexed signal is realized. The loss of two-dimensional photonic crystal grating is reduced by introducing distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) grating structure, and the traditional structure is replaced by anti-butterfly structure. The structure of butterfly phase shifter improves the process tolerance of the phase shifter, and these optimizations are of great significance to the actual fabrication and performance improvement of the device.The transmission experiment of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOOK signal is carried out in the test, and the eye diagram and error code curve obtained from the test fully prove the good performance of the device. Based on the analysis of the device mechanism, the design and fabrication of the device are completed on the SO1 integrated platform. The device is tested in detail and the performance parameters are calibrated. The device can be used in the coherent detection of multidimensional multiplexing systems.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN929.1
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