针对靶场图像增强算法的研究与实现

发布时间：2019-05-21 17:37

【摘要】：为了适应新兴武器装备的快速发展,现代靶场作为鉴定武器装备有效的手段和提供关键试验数据的重要场所,需加快试验场景可视化、信息化和现代化建设的步伐。光学测量设备是靶场鉴定和试验的重要组成部分,其中,光电经纬仪(Photoelectric Theodolite,PT)是迅速捕捉、精密跟踪与实时检测图像传输的重要光学测量设备。在靶场光电经纬仪中,主要有两种异源成像传感器用来拍摄地面目标或空中飞行目标,分别是可见光和红外成像系统。可见光成像系统能够拍摄高分辨率的、清晰的目标信息,进行运动轨迹和姿态参数的判读,从而给地面指挥站提供丰富、可靠的测试数据信息。但是,可见光成像系统易受大气抖动,雨、雪等自然天气因素的影响。如果运动目标被烟、云等物体遮挡时,可见光成像系统无法完成捕获工作,最终目标跟丢;如果与天空颜色差异很小时,更是无法辨别目标位置。这些问题的存在导致可见光成像系统无法拍摄到符合靶场对运动目标精确测量要求的图像。近些年来,红外技术具有抗干扰强,穿透力强,探测距离远和全天候工作等特性,遍及军事的各个应用范畴,逐渐成为各类军事设备研发的核心技术。红外成像系统由于其自身光学系统的衍射特性和制作工艺等问题,导致红外图像的空间分辨率远远低于可见光图像,当作用远距离目标成像时,运动目标的成像占据靶面很小的像元尺寸,目标像素点主要集中在某个小范围灰度区间,图像的动态范围窄,对比度低,边缘模糊;且存在外界环境干扰和成像系统的不完善等问题时,致使存在噪声干扰,目标的信噪比较低,容易被淹没在背景中;红外图像是根据自身辐射特性进行成像,其视觉效果上远不如可见光图像更易于人眼观察。因此,提高靶场图像质量成为提升靶场光电经纬仪系统性能的关键问题。本文结合在研国防军事项目的需求,探讨了针对靶场图像特点的图像增强算法的研究。从提高靶场红外图像的对比度、信噪比和视觉效果三个角度展开,在深入研究国内外图像增强技术的研究现状和进展的基础之上,针对对比度低和边缘模糊的问题,提出了一种新颖的统计方式的自适应平台直方图均衡化增强方法,和基于模糊集理论的对数隶属度模糊增强方法;针对存在噪声干扰,信噪比低的问题,从人类视觉特性的角度出发,建立侧抑制网络增强模型,并结合自适应滤波方法,针对目标中噪声进行平滑,添加补偿度量因子,解决在去噪过程中引起图像出现块模糊的问题;为了改善图像视觉效果,满足人类视觉感受的需求,提出了结合模糊集理论和统计特性的图像融合增强算法。该算法将多传感器的特征综合到一幅图像传输给指挥站,作为领导决策的依据。同时设基于FPGA+DSP处理器的图像增强系统硬件平台,对移植后的增强算法进行了大量实验验证,实验结果表明提出的图像增强算法实时、有效。
[Abstract]:In order to adapt to the rapid development of the new weapon and equipment, the modern range is an important place to identify the effective means of the weapon and equipment and provide the key test data. It is necessary to speed up the visualization, information and modernization of the test scene. Optical measuring equipment is an important part of range identification and testing, in which the photoelectric theodolite (PT) is an important optical measuring device for rapid capture, precision tracking and real-time detection of image transmission. In the range-range photoelectric theodolite, two kinds of heterologous imaging sensors are used to capture the ground targets or air-to-air targets, which are visible and infrared imaging systems, respectively. The visible-light imaging system can capture high-resolution and clear target information, and perform the interpretation of the motion track and the attitude parameter, thereby providing rich and reliable test data information to the ground command station. However, visible light imaging systems are susceptible to natural weather factors such as atmospheric jitter, rain, snow, and the like. If the moving target is blocked by an object such as a cigarette, a cloud, or the like, the visible light imaging system cannot complete the capturing operation, and the final target is lost; and if the difference between the moving target and the sky is small, the target position cannot be distinguished. The presence of these problems leads to the inability of the visible-light imaging system to capture an image that is in accordance with the range-to-motion target precise measurement requirements. In recent years, the infrared technology has the characteristics of strong anti-interference, strong penetrating power, long detection distance and all-weather work, and has gradually become the core technology of the research and development of all kinds of military equipment. The infrared imaging system has the advantages that the spatial resolution of the infrared image is much lower than that of the visible light image due to the diffraction characteristics and the manufacturing process of the optical system of the infrared imaging system, the target pixel point is mainly concentrated in a small-range gray-scale interval, the dynamic range of the image is narrow, the contrast is low, and the edge is blurred; and when the problems of the external environment interference and the imperfect of the imaging system are existed, the noise interference is caused, the signal-to-noise ratio of the target is low, and the target pixel point is easily flooded in the background; The infrared image is imaged according to the self-radiation characteristic, and the visual effect of the infrared image is far less than that of the visible light image and is easier to observe by the human eye. Therefore, the improvement of the range image quality is the key problem to improve the performance of the range-range photoelectric theodolite system. In this paper, the research of image enhancement algorithm for range image features is discussed in the light of the requirements of the research and defense military project. In order to improve the contrast, signal-to-noise ratio and visual effect of the infrared image of the range, the present situation and progress of the image enhancement technology at home and abroad are studied deeply, and the problems of low contrast and edge ambiguity are discussed. The invention provides a novel statistical mode adaptive platform histogram equalization enhancement method and a log membership degree fuzzy enhancement method based on a fuzzy set theory, aiming at the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio and low signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of noise interference, in ord to improve that visual effect of the image and meet the requirement of human visual perception, An image fusion enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy set theory and statistical property is proposed. The algorithm combines the characteristics of the multi-sensor to an image to be transmitted to the command station as the basis for leadership decision-making. At the same time, the hardware platform of the image enhancement system based on the FPGA and the DSP processor is set, and a large number of experimental verification is carried out on the enhanced algorithm after the transplantation, and the experimental results show that the proposed image enhancement algorithm is real-time and effective.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP391.41

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