基于DEM的陕北黄土高原黄土地貌分形特征研究

发布时间：2022-02-09 18:22

　　近年来,中国陕北黄土高原因其较高的研究价值而受到学术界的广泛关注,已出现了数种黄土高原区域地貌分类方法。有些研究应用分形维数（FD）来描述该地区地貌特征,但是,并未见基于分维数的区域地貌分类方法。此外,现有研究也未考虑到分维特征在土壤侵蚀潜力制图中的作用。因此,本研究主要目标如下:（1）探索分形维数描述黄土高原地形特征的能力;（2）提出基于分形维数的地貌分区方法和陕北黄土高原土壤侵蚀潜力制图。在系统总结前人方法基础上,本文采用了盒子计数法（BCM）、Higuchi法（HIG）和Hurst法（HUR）等三种估算分形维数（FD）的方法。在应用这些方法时,发现HIG方法计算结果也具有较好的一致性,但是由于其对输入数据中的噪声过于敏感在某些情况下出现较大的差异。HUR方法计算的分维值普遍偏高,其结果不可靠。BCM方法计算的结果在一致性和准确性方面最可靠,因此采用该方法计算分维数并进行分析。本研究使用层次分析法（AHP）进行土壤侵蚀潜力制图（EPM）。采用一致性比率（CR）和平均相对误差（MER）评价了对数、线性、根方、逆线性、平衡n、幂、几何和自适应性等八个不同计算权值的方法。其中,逆线性方法... 

【文章来源】：南京师范大学江苏省211工程院校

【文章页数】：131 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
List of Abbreviations
1.Introduction
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Justification
    1.3 Objectives
    1.4 Limitations of the Study
    1.5 Dissertation Outline
2.Literature Review
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province
        2.2.1 Climate and Climatological Zoning
        2.2.2 Geology,Soils and Geomorphology
        2.2.3 Vegetation
        2.2.4 Overview of Erosion in Loess Plateau
    2.3 Digital Terrain Analysis and Landscape Properties
    2.4 Derivation of Fractal Dimension(FD)from Digital Elevation Models
        2.4.1 Fractals
        2.4.2 Fractals and Self similarity
        2.4.3 Fractal Dimension(FD)
            (1)Variogram method(VM)
            (2)Divider method(DM)
            (3)Box counting method(BCM)
            (4)The Power Spectral Method(PSM)
    2.5 Comparison of fractal methods
    2.6 Summary
3.Research Methodology
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Study Area and Datasets
        3.2.1 ASTER Digital Elevation Model
        3.2.2 Study Area
        3.2.3 Loess Soils
        3.2.4 Hydrological Resources
        3.2.5 Small Catchment Areas
    3.3 Methods
        3.3.1 General Research Approach and Procedure
        3.3.2 Watershed Delineation
        3.3.3 Catchment Boundary Profile Derivation
        3.3.4 Estimation Fractal Dimension from Surface Terrain
        3.3.5 Fractal Dimension Estimation for Stream Networks
        3.3.6 Estimation of Fractals from CBP Lines
            (1)Hurst Exponent
            (2)Higuchi’s Algorithm
        3.3.7 Erosion potential mapping
    3.4 Summary
4.Fractal dimension features from Catchment Boundary Profile(CBP)of small watersheds
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Catchment Boundary Profile(CBP)and its FD
        4.2.1 FD Methods Applicability
        4.2.2 Elevation effect
        4.2.3 Bifurcation effect on the CBP
    4.3 Summary
5.Fractal dimension for terrain features of the landforms
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 FD of terrain surfaces
        5.2.1 Spatial pattern of FD in North Shaan
        5.2.2 FD in North Shaanxi with varied grid size
    5.3 Fractal Dimension of Stream Networks
        5.3.1 Comparison of FD in different typical catchments
        5.3.2 Relationships between FD from CBP and Stream Networks
    5.4 Summary
6.Erosion Potential Mapping
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Parameters for EPM derivation
    6.3 AHP Approach and weights
    6.4 Erosion Potential Map(EPM)
    6.5 Summary
7.General Discussions and Conclusions
    7.1 General Discussions
    7.2 Conclusions
    7.3 Future Work
8.Appendices
    8.1 Matlab Codes
        8.1.1 Box counting method
        8.1.2 Detrending datasets
        8.1.3 Hurst Exponent
        8.1.4 Extract Profile Graphs and Calculate Fractal Dimension
        8.1.5 Vector of Hurst Profiles
        8.1.6 Higuchi Exponent Calculation
        8.1.7 Box counting for Digital Elevation Model(DEM)
        8.1.8 DEM Viewer
        8.1.9 Grid FD algorithm
    8.2 CBP for Sub-watersheds
References
List of Academic Publications& Scientific Meetings and Activities During Study Period
    Academic Papers
    Scientific Meetings
    Scientific Contributions and Activities
Acknowledgement


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期刊论文
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