长柄扁桃嫩枝扦插繁殖技术与生根机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 09:58

本文选题：长柄扁桃 + 嫩枝　；参考：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata)是我国西北干旱、半干旱地区特有的木本油料资源植物,具有抗寒耐旱、防风固沙等优良特性,花色艳丽,观赏性强,具有较高的生态及经济价值,在改善区域生态环境和促进地方经济发展中具有重要作用。当前,长柄扁桃的苗木生产以播种繁殖为主,然而,该种繁殖方式存在后代性状分化等问题,此外,长柄扁桃自然条件下结实率低、优良种源采集困难,导致播种繁殖不能满足长柄扁桃产业发展要求。为实现对长柄扁桃优良无性系种源的保存和规模化种植,本研究以长柄扁桃当年生半木质化嫩枝为试验材料,通过研究扦插基质、植物生长调节物质种类及浓度、插穗类型、插穗处理时间及温室大棚和全光喷雾条件下插穗生根和生长状况,筛选出最佳的扦插育苗处理组合;在此基础上,深入研究插穗生根过程中内源激素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的动态变化,初步揭示长柄扁桃扦插生根的生理机制。主要研究结果如下:(1)IBA(吲哚丁酸)处理下,长柄扁桃嫩枝扦插以混合生根型为主(58.0%),其次为愈伤组织生根型(28.3%)和皮部生根型(10.8%)。IBA处理能显著提高插穗生根速率,扦插6 d时,根原基开始萌动,插穗基部膨大,6~12 d为不定根形成期,12~26 d为插穗的生根高峰期,26~40 d根系不断生长并发育成熟。试验表明,4个因子对长柄扁桃嫩枝扦插生根影响的大小顺序依次为:植物生长调节物质种类插穗类型植物生长调节物质浓度处理时间。以V(珍珠岩):V(草炭)=3:1混合基质为扦插基质,采用上部插穗在1500 mg·L-1 IBA中处理10 s,为长柄扁桃嫩枝扦插的最佳处理组合,在该处理下,全光喷雾和温室大棚两种扦插育苗系统均可获得较高的扦插生根率(分别为98.67%和97.8%),并且插穗根系质量良好,能满足长柄扁桃规模化扦插育苗的要求。(2)长柄扁桃插穗生根过程中,玉米素核苷(ZR)和赤霉素(GA3)含量在不定根形成期升高,对插穗生根有利;吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量和IAA/ABA值与插穗的生根能力呈正相关,而脱落酸(ABA)含量与插穗的生根能力呈负相关。插穗内的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白是插穗生根过程中多种生理生化反应的能量和物质来源,两种物质含量的变化趋势与插穗生根过程对可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的需求相对应,含量升高对插穗生根有利。POD活性与插穗生根具有重要关系,在插穗生根过程中,POD活性升高有利于插穗不定根的诱导和形成。MDA含量与插穗的抗氧化能力和抗衰老能力呈负相关,扦插前期,MDA含量升高,不定根形成期,MDA含量降低。外源激素IBA处理能调节插穗体内的内源激素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量和POD活性,进而促进插穗生根。
[Abstract]:Amygdalus pedunculata) is a special woody oil resource plant in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. It plays an important role in improving regional ecological environment and promoting local economic development. At present, seedling production of almond with long stalks is dominated by seeding and propagation. However, there are some problems such as differentiation of progeny characters in this breeding mode. In addition, the seed setting rate is low under natural conditions, and it is difficult to collect good provenances. As a result, seeding and breeding can not meet the requirements of the development of long-stalked almond industry. In order to preserve and plant the provenance of the superior clones of almond, this study studied the cuttage substrate, the species and concentration of plant growth regulators, the type of cuttings, and the type of cuttings by using the semi-lignified twigs of Almond longshanshanensis as the experimental material. On the basis of cutting treatment time, rooting and growth condition of cuttings in greenhouse and whole light spray, the best combination of cuttage breeding was selected, and the endogenous hormones, soluble protein, soluble sugar in rooting process of cuttings were studied deeply. The dynamic changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and peroxidase (POD) activity revealed the physiological mechanism of rooting of almond cutting. The main results were as follows: under the treatment of IBA (Indole butyric acid), the rooting rate of cuttings of Almond longshanshanensis was mainly mixed rooting type 58.0%, followed by callus rooting type 28. 3%) and bark rooting type 10. 8%. IBA treatment could significantly increase the rooting rate of cuttings. The root primordium began to germinate, and the root system grew and matured continuously at the peak of 2640 days as the adventitious root formation period was 1226 days. The results showed that the order of the effects of four factors on rooting of tender branch cuttings of almond was as follows: plant growth regulator type, plant growth regulator substance concentration treatment time. Using V (perlite: v) as cutting medium, the upper cuttings were treated in 1500 mg / L IBA for 10 s, which was the best treatment combination for the cuttings of longstalked almond twigs. High rooting rate (98.67% and 97.8%, respectively) of cuttage was obtained by two kinds of cutting seedling raising systems in greenhouse and whole light spray, and the quality of cuttage root system was good, which could meet the requirement of large-scale cuttage breeding of almond with long handle. The content of zeatin nucleoside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA _ 3) increased during adventitious root formation, which was beneficial to rooting of cuttings, and the content of IAA) and IAA / ABA were positively correlated with rooting ability of cuttings, while abscisic acid (Aba) content was negatively correlated with rooting ability of cuttings. Soluble sugar and soluble protein in cuttings are the energy and material source of many physiological and biochemical reactions in rooting process of cuttings. The change trend of the content of the two substances corresponds to the demand of soluble sugar and soluble protein in rooting process of cuttings. The increase of content of POD was beneficial to rooting of cuttings. The increase of POD activity was beneficial to the induction and formation of adventitious roots in cuttings. The content of MDA was negatively correlated with the ability of anti-oxidation and anti-senescence of cuttings. MDA content increased in early cuttage stage and decreased in adventitious root formation stage. Exogenous hormone IBA could regulate the contents of endogenous hormones, soluble sugar, soluble protein MDA and POD activity in cuttings, thus promoting rooting of cuttings.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S685.99

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