电场暴露对油菜生理及油菜田节肢动物种群的影响
发布时间：2018-11-21 16:49
【摘要】：为了研究极低频电磁场对油菜及油菜田节肢动物种群的生物学效应,分别设计了田间试验和室内试验。在田间试验中,将油菜持续暴露在四种不同强度(0kV/m,2kV/m,10kV/m和15kV/m)的极低频电磁场下,在油菜三叶期之后每隔10天观测油菜的农艺性状和主要节肢动物种群数量。观测参数包括:株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素、蚜虫、潜叶蝇和蜘蛛。在油菜成熟时进行测产,计算单株干物质、千粒重和产量。在室内试验中,分别在油菜苗期、花期和结实期三个时期进行田间取样,取油菜叶片检测其生理指标。试验参数包括:总蛋白、氨基酸、可溶性糖和四种酶(SOD、POD、CAT和GST)的活力。整个实验历时两年,研究结果如下:1.不同强度电磁场对油菜农艺性状的影响10kV/m处理组连续两年均能使油菜株高和茎粗增加;四种不同强度的极低频电磁场对油菜的叶绿素和产量连续两年无显著影响;15kV/m处理组在第二年使油菜功能叶数量下降。2.不同强度电磁场对油菜不同时期营养物质的影响从整体上看极低频电磁场的持续暴露对油菜可溶性糖的含量没有影响;2kV/m、10kV/m处理组连续两年使油菜总蛋白含量下降;10kV/m处理组在第一年使油菜氨基酸含量增加;15kV/m处理组在第二年使油菜氨基酸含量增加。3.不同强度电磁场对油菜不同时期四组保护性酶活力的影响从整体上看,极低频电磁场对油菜四种酶的活力存在上升作用。在2015年,2kV/m暴露组在油菜苗期、花期和结荚期SOD活力均明显提高。在2015年,10kV/m和15kV/m暴露组在油菜苗期使CAT活力提高。2kV/m暴露组在油菜花期和结荚期使POD活力显著升高。在2015年,10kV/m和15kV/m暴露组在油结荚期GST活力提高,然而15kV/m暴露组在油菜花期使GST活力下降。4.不同强度电磁场对油菜田节肢动物种群的影响在一年的研究中发现,2kV/m处理组较对照蚜虫种群数量少;10kV/m、15kV/m处理组较对照组潜叶蝇种群数量多;极低频电磁场对油菜田蜘蛛种群数量无影响。这些结果表明极低频电磁场在油菜上的作用可以从发芽到收获整个阶段影响油菜的农艺性状。在一定强度磁场的处理下,可以增加油菜的株高、茎粗,氨基酸含量和酶的活力;同时发现电磁场对其田间蚜虫、潜叶蝇种群存在影响。通过这一结果可为建设全新农业种植方式和害虫综合治理探索新思路,可以更加确切的理解磁场对植物组织影响的机制,为输变电工程在电力输送的选择上提供有力的参考依据。
[Abstract]:In order to study the biological effects of very low frequency electromagnetic fields on arthropod populations in rape and rape fields, field and laboratory experiments were designed. In field trials, rape was continuously exposed to four very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities (0 kV / m, 2 kV / m, 10 kV / m and 15kV/m). The agronomic characters and the number of major arthropods were observed every 10 days after the clover period of rapeseed. The observed parameters include plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll, aphid, leaf miner and spider. The dry matter per plant, 1000 grain weight and yield were calculated when rape matured. In the laboratory experiment, the physiological indexes of rape leaves were determined by field sampling at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage respectively. The parameters include the activity of total protein, amino acid, soluble sugar and four enzymes (SOD,POD,CAT and GST). The results are as follows: 1. Effects of electromagnetic fields with different intensities on agronomic characters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for two consecutive years, the plant height and stem diameter of rape were increased in 10kV/m treatment group, but the chlorophyll and yield of rape were not significantly affected by four kinds of very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities for two consecutive years. The number of functional leaves of rape decreased by 2. 2 in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on nutrients in different periods of rapeseed the continuous exposure of very low frequency electromagnetic fields had no effect on the content of soluble sugar in rapeseed on the whole the total protein content of rape decreased for two consecutive years in the treatment group of 2kV / m 10 kV / m. The amino acid content of rape was increased in the first year in 10kV/m treatment group, and increased in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on the activities of four groups of protective enzymes in different periods of rape. On the whole, very low frequency electromagnetic fields had an increasing effect on the activity of four kinds of enzymes in rapeseed. In 2015, the activity of SOD in 2kV/m exposed group was significantly increased in seedling, flowering and pod-setting stages of rapeseed. In 2015, 10kV/m and 15kV/m increased the activity of CAT at seedling stage of rape, while 2kV/m exposed group increased the activity of POD at flowering stage and pod-setting stage of rapeseed. In 2015, the GST activity of 10kV/m and 15kV/m exposed group was increased during oil pod setting, while the GST activity of 15kV/m exposed group decreased 4. 4 in rapeseed flower stage. Effects of different electromagnetic fields on arthropod population in rapeseed field in a year's study, it was found that the number of aphids in the 2kV/m treatment group was less than that in the control group, and that in the 10 kV / m 15 kV / m treatment group was more than that in the control group. The very low frequency electromagnetic field had no effect on the population of spiders in rapeseed field. These results indicated that the effect of very low frequency electromagnetic field on rapeseed could affect the agronomic characters of rapeseed from germination to harvest. The plant height, stem diameter, amino acid content and enzyme activity of rape could be increased by the treatment of a certain intensity magnetic field, and the effect of electromagnetic field on field aphids and leaf miner populations was also found. Through this result, we can explore new ideas for the construction of new agricultural planting methods and integrated pest management, and can more accurately understand the mechanism of magnetic field affecting plant tissue. It provides a powerful reference basis for the selection of power transmission in power transmission and transformation projects.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.4
本文编号：2347586
[Abstract]:In order to study the biological effects of very low frequency electromagnetic fields on arthropod populations in rape and rape fields, field and laboratory experiments were designed. In field trials, rape was continuously exposed to four very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities (0 kV / m, 2 kV / m, 10 kV / m and 15kV/m). The agronomic characters and the number of major arthropods were observed every 10 days after the clover period of rapeseed. The observed parameters include plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll, aphid, leaf miner and spider. The dry matter per plant, 1000 grain weight and yield were calculated when rape matured. In the laboratory experiment, the physiological indexes of rape leaves were determined by field sampling at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage respectively. The parameters include the activity of total protein, amino acid, soluble sugar and four enzymes (SOD,POD,CAT and GST). The results are as follows: 1. Effects of electromagnetic fields with different intensities on agronomic characters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for two consecutive years, the plant height and stem diameter of rape were increased in 10kV/m treatment group, but the chlorophyll and yield of rape were not significantly affected by four kinds of very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities for two consecutive years. The number of functional leaves of rape decreased by 2. 2 in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on nutrients in different periods of rapeseed the continuous exposure of very low frequency electromagnetic fields had no effect on the content of soluble sugar in rapeseed on the whole the total protein content of rape decreased for two consecutive years in the treatment group of 2kV / m 10 kV / m. The amino acid content of rape was increased in the first year in 10kV/m treatment group, and increased in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on the activities of four groups of protective enzymes in different periods of rape. On the whole, very low frequency electromagnetic fields had an increasing effect on the activity of four kinds of enzymes in rapeseed. In 2015, the activity of SOD in 2kV/m exposed group was significantly increased in seedling, flowering and pod-setting stages of rapeseed. In 2015, 10kV/m and 15kV/m increased the activity of CAT at seedling stage of rape, while 2kV/m exposed group increased the activity of POD at flowering stage and pod-setting stage of rapeseed. In 2015, the GST activity of 10kV/m and 15kV/m exposed group was increased during oil pod setting, while the GST activity of 15kV/m exposed group decreased 4. 4 in rapeseed flower stage. Effects of different electromagnetic fields on arthropod population in rapeseed field in a year's study, it was found that the number of aphids in the 2kV/m treatment group was less than that in the control group, and that in the 10 kV / m 15 kV / m treatment group was more than that in the control group. The very low frequency electromagnetic field had no effect on the population of spiders in rapeseed field. These results indicated that the effect of very low frequency electromagnetic field on rapeseed could affect the agronomic characters of rapeseed from germination to harvest. The plant height, stem diameter, amino acid content and enzyme activity of rape could be increased by the treatment of a certain intensity magnetic field, and the effect of electromagnetic field on field aphids and leaf miner populations was also found. Through this result, we can explore new ideas for the construction of new agricultural planting methods and integrated pest management, and can more accurately understand the mechanism of magnetic field affecting plant tissue. It provides a powerful reference basis for the selection of power transmission in power transmission and transformation projects.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.4
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