不同营养液配方、品种及种蒜类型对蒜苗产量和品质的影响

发布时间：2018-11-29 11:00

【摘要】：大蒜是百合科葱属草本植物,含维生素C、多种氨基酸及大蒜素等对人体有益的营养成分,蒜苗作为特定时期的大蒜青苗,也具有极高的营养与药用价值。在蒜苗的水培试验中,关于不同营养液配方、品种及种蒜类型对蒜苗的影响还鲜有报道。本试验采用深液流技术对蒜苗进行水培,探究营养液配方、品种及种蒜类型对蒜苗生长、品质及产量的影响。复合肥配方试验采用0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%及0.5%5个处理;营养液配方采用5个处理,即清水对照、0.2%复合肥、0.2%复合肥加微肥、标准Hoagland,改良Hoagland;品种试验选取金乡大蒜、四川早蒜及苍山大蒜;种蒜处理采用苍山大蒜单瓣、半头及整头。分别在培养20d、40d及60d时取样测定生长、产量与品质指标,从而筛选出适宜的营养液配方、品种及种蒜类型,为水培蒜苗的优质、高产提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1、复合肥试验结果表明,除0.3%复合肥加微肥处理的维生素C及可溶性蛋白含量略高于0.2%复合肥加微肥处理,复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15)0.2%加微肥配方在株高、假茎粗及植株鲜重等生长指标,光合特性、叶片酶活性及根系活力等生理特性,可溶性糖、大蒜素等营养指标,以及每公斤蒜头的蒜苗产量、单位面积产量等方面较其它处理均表现最佳。2、营养液配方试验结果表明,0.2%复合肥加微肥及改良Hoagland处理蒜苗的植株形态指标、色素含量、可溶性糖含量及产量均高于其他处理,0.2%复合肥加微肥处理蒜苗的光合特性、大蒜素含量及可溶性蛋白含量高于其他处理,改良Hoagland处理蒜苗的叶片酶活性、根系活力及维生素C含量高于其他处理。其中,各处理(0.2%复合肥加微肥、0.2%复合肥、改良Hoagland、标准Hoagland)的植株鲜重分别比清水对照增加67.0%、32.8%、73.7%及51.7%,株高分别增加31.3%、3.8%、32.1%、7.1%。综合来看,0.2%复合肥加微肥与改良Hoagland这两个处理蒜苗的生长、综合品质及产量均高于其他处理。3、品种试验结果表明,除苍山大蒜叶片内可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量高于四川早蒜与金乡大蒜外,金乡大蒜的生长指标、品质指标、每公斤蒜头的蒜苗产量及单位面积产量都最优。其中,在培养60d时金乡大蒜根系活力分别比苍山大蒜、四川早蒜高7.9%、29.9%,大蒜素含量分别高15.4%、11.0%,VC含量分别高11.3%、6.3%,每公斤蒜头产量分别高19.0%、36.9%。整体而言,金乡大蒜的生长、品质指标及产量高于四川早蒜与苍山大蒜。4、种蒜试验结果表明,单瓣种植的蒜苗其株高、假茎粗、植株鲜重、光合特性、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、大蒜素含量、每公斤蒜头的蒜苗产量及单位面积产量等都较半头种植及整头种植更优。其中,培养60d时单瓣种植的产量与半头种植及整头种植相较最高,分别高出32.5%、57.5%,类胡萝卜素分别高出23.1%、14.3%,根系活力分别高出18.9%、9.6%,大蒜素含量分别高出3.3%、17.8%。总体来说,单瓣种植更有利于蒜苗增产提质。
[Abstract]:Garlic is a herbaceous plant of Liliaceae, which contains vitamin C, various amino acids and allicin, and so on. Garlic seedling, as a special period of garlic green seedling, also has high nutritional and medicinal value. In the experiment of garlic seedling hydroponic culture, there are few reports on the effect of different nutrient solution formula, variety and type of garlic on garlic seedling. In this experiment, deep liquid flow technique was used to study the effects of nutrient solution formula, variety and type of garlic on the growth, quality and yield of garlic seedlings. The formula test of compound fertilizer was treated with 0. 1 0. 2% and 0. 5% respectively. The formula of nutrient solution was treated with five treatments, namely, water control, 0.2% compound fertilizer, 0.2% compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. Jinxiang garlic, Sichuan early garlic and Cangshan garlic were selected in standard Hoagland, improved Hoagland; variety experiment. Cangshan garlic single leaf, half head and whole head are used to seed garlic. The growth, yield and quality indexes were measured after 20 days of culture for 40 days and 60 days, respectively. The suitable nutrient solution formula, variety and type of garlic were screened out, which provided theoretical basis for high quality and high yield of hydroponic garlic seedlings. The main results are as follows: 1. The results of compound fertilizer test showed that the content of vitamin C and soluble protein in the treatment with 0.3% compound fertilizer plus micro-fertilizer was slightly higher than that in the treatment of 0.2% compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. Compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 0.2% microelement fertilizer formula was applied to plant height, stem diameter and plant fresh weight, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf enzyme activity and root activity, soluble sugar, allicin and other physiological characteristics. And the garlic seedling yield per kilogram and yield per unit area were the best compared with other treatments. 2. The results of nutrient solution formula test showed that the plant morphological index of garlic seedling treated with 0.2% compound fertilizer and improved Hoagland was better than that of other treatments. Pigment content, soluble sugar content and yield were higher than those of other treatments, photosynthetic characteristics, allicin content and soluble protein content of garlic seedlings treated with 0.2% compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer were higher than those of other treatments, and the leaf enzyme activity of improved Hoagland treatment was higher than that of other treatments. Root activity and vitamin C content were higher than other treatments. Among them, the plant fresh weight of each treatment (0.2% compound fertilizer plus micro-fertilizer, 0.2% compound fertilizer, improved Hoagland, standard Hoagland) increased 67.0% and 32.8% and 51.7%, respectively, compared with the fresh water control. The height of the plant increased by 31.3and 3.8and by 32.1and 7.1respectively. In general, the growth, comprehensive quality and yield of garlic seedlings treated with 0.2% compound fertilizer plus micro-fertilizer and improved Hoagland were higher than those of other treatments. Except for the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves of Cangshan garlic was higher than that of Sichuan early garlic and Jinxiang garlic, the growth index, quality index, seedling yield and yield per kilogram of garlic were the best in Jinxiang garlic. After 60 days of culture, the root activity of garlic in Jinxiang was higher than that in Cangshan and Sichuan, respectively, and the content of allicin in Jinxiang was higher than that in Cangshan and Sichuan, respectively, and the content of allicin was 15.4and 11.0VC was higher than that of Cangshan garlic, and the content of VC was higher than that of Cangshan garlic. The yield of garlic per kilogram was 19.0% and 36.9% respectively. On the whole, the growth, quality index and yield of garlic in Jinxiang were higher than those in Sichuan early garlic and Cangshan garlic. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight, photosynthetic characteristics and root activity of single clove garlic seedlings were higher than those of Sichuan early garlic and Cangshan garlic. Soluble sugar content, allicin content, seedling yield per kilogram of garlic and yield per unit area were better than half head planting and whole head planting. After 60 days of culture, the yield of single plant was the highest than that of half head planting and whole head planting, which was 32.5% and 57.5% higher than that of carotenoid, 23.1% and 14.3%, respectively, and the root activity was 18.9% higher than that of carotenoid, respectively. The content of allicin was higher than that of 3. 3% and 17. 8% respectively. On the whole, single-valve planting is more favorable to increase production and improve quality of garlic seedling.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S633.4

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