湘西南（龙山县）核桃种质资源及优株调查研究
发布时间：2018-12-21 18:37
【摘要】：核桃是世界名优干果和木本油料作物,具有极优的营养价值,是集经济效益、生态效益、社会效益于一体的优秀经济树种。本研究以龙山县为代表对湘西南核桃种质资源进行了调查。初选25个核桃优良单株,分别对核桃优良单株进行坚果表型性状和经济性状、油脂脂肪酸组分含量、油脂理化性质及核仁矿质元素的测定。选取坚果的主要表型性状、经济性状、脂肪酸组分及含量作为坚果品质评价指标,运用主成分分析的方法,对坚果品质进行综合评判,完成了对25株核桃优良单株的筛选。对核仁9个矿质元素进行相关性分析和主成分分析,明确各矿质元素的多寡,对实际生产中选择宜栽地、施肥等方面有指导意义。得出的主要结论如下:(1)25个核桃优良单株坚果横径均值为34.31mm,侧径均值为31.08mm,纵径均值为34.39mm,硬壳厚度均值为1.76mm,出仁率均值为50.58%,出油率均值为67.69%。待选核桃优良单株坚果大多容易剥离,口味良好,符合消费者食用的要求。(2)检测出的5种脂肪酸平均含量由高到低:亚油酸油酸亚麻酸棕榈酸硬脂酸。棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸的含量较为稳定,油酸和亚麻酸的含量不稳定。核桃油脂富含不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸占多数。各优良单株间油脂理化性质相差不大。(3)核桃坚果重、三径、出仁率、出油率、核仁饱满度、核仁充实度、核仁颜色和亚油酸是评价核桃品质质量的重要指标。坚果品质最优的有2号(白羊大坪1号)、17号(贾市街上1号)、10号(靛房联兴3号)、13(桂塘王道1号)和15号(华塘将来1号);品质最差的有4号(茨岩树溪4组)、5号(大安大湾1号)和7号(大安桃子1号)。白羊大坪1号、贾市街上1号、靛房联兴3号、桂塘王道1号和华塘将来1号可作为候选优良单株,结合产量、抗逆性等指标进行全面评价,选择育种。研究结果为核桃优良单株筛选和育种提供了参考。(4)各优良单株元素含量取均值从高到低依次为:KPMgCaNaMnZnCuFe。钾平均含量为7121.340μg/g,磷平均含量为3582.477μg/g,镁平均含量为1636.486μg/g,钙平均含量为436.508μg/g,钠平均含量为147.004μg/g,锰平均含量为32.454μg/g,锌平均含量为23.019μg/g,铜平均含量为13.482μg/g,铁平均含量为12.479μg/g。品种间各元素变异系数差异很大,差异最大的为钙元素,差异最小的为镁元素。(5)大部分元素之间无相关性,钠元素含量可能与钙、锰、铜元素含量之间可能存在关系。矿质元素的多寡基本不能代表坚果的优异。
[Abstract]:Walnut is a famous dry fruit and woody oil crop in the world. It has excellent nutritional value and is an excellent economic tree species with economic, ecological and social benefits. In this study, walnut germplasm resources in Southwest Hunan Province were investigated on behalf of Longshan County. The phenotypic and economic characters of walnut, fatty acid content, physicochemical properties and mineral elements of nucleolus were determined in 25 excellent walnut plants. The main phenotypic characters, economic characters, fatty acid components and contents of nuts were selected as the evaluation indexes of nut quality. The quality of nut was evaluated by principal component analysis, and 25 excellent individual walnut plants were screened. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of nine mineral elements in nucleolus were carried out to determine the amount of each mineral element, which has guiding significance in selecting suitable planting land and fertilizing in actual production. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average transverse diameter, lateral diameter, longitudinal diameter, shell thickness and kernel yield of 25 excellent walnut trees were 34.31 mm, 31.08 mm, 34.39 mm, 1.76 mm and 50.58 mm, respectively. The average oil yield is 67.69. Most of the excellent walnut nuts are easy to peel and taste good. (2) the average content of 5 fatty acids detected is from high to low: linoleic acid linolenic acid palmitic acid stearic acid. The contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid are stable, while oleic acid and linolenic acid are unstable. Walnut oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids account for the majority. (3) the weight of walnut, three paths, kernel yield, oil yield, kernel fullness, nucleolus plumpness, nucleolus color and linoleic acid are important indexes to evaluate the quality of walnut. The best nut quality were No. 2 (Daying No. 1 Aries), No. 17 (No.1 Jiashi Street), No. 10 (No.3 Yuafang Lianxing), No. 13 (No. 1 Wangdao Guitang) and No. 15 (Huatang No. 1); The worst quality were No. 4 (group 4), No. 5 (Da'an Dawan No. 1) and No. 7 (Da'an Peach 1). Daping No. 1 of Aries, No.1 of Street of Jia City, No. 3 of Yuafang Lianxing, No. 1 of Wangdao Road of Guitang and No. 1 of Huatang in the future can be used as candidate single plant for comprehensive evaluation of yield and resistance to stress and selection of breeding. The results provide a reference for the selection and breeding of fine individual plants of walnut. (4) the average value of element content of each fine individual plant from high to low is as follows: KPMgCaNaMnZnCuFe. The average content of potassium is 7121.340 渭 g / g, the average content of phosphorus is 3582.477 渭 g / g, the average content of magnesium is 1636.486 渭 g / g, the average content of calcium is 436.508 渭 g / g, the average content of sodium is 147.004 渭 g / g, the average content of manganese is 32.454 渭 g / g. The average content of zinc is 23.019 渭 g / g, copper is 13.482 渭 g / g, iron is 12.479 渭 g / g. The variation coefficient of each element is very big, the biggest difference is calcium element, and the least difference is magnesium element. (5) there is no correlation between most elements, and the content of sodium may be related to calcium, manganese and copper content. The amount of mineral elements basically does not represent the superiority of nuts.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S664.1
，
本文编号：2389301
[Abstract]:Walnut is a famous dry fruit and woody oil crop in the world. It has excellent nutritional value and is an excellent economic tree species with economic, ecological and social benefits. In this study, walnut germplasm resources in Southwest Hunan Province were investigated on behalf of Longshan County. The phenotypic and economic characters of walnut, fatty acid content, physicochemical properties and mineral elements of nucleolus were determined in 25 excellent walnut plants. The main phenotypic characters, economic characters, fatty acid components and contents of nuts were selected as the evaluation indexes of nut quality. The quality of nut was evaluated by principal component analysis, and 25 excellent individual walnut plants were screened. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of nine mineral elements in nucleolus were carried out to determine the amount of each mineral element, which has guiding significance in selecting suitable planting land and fertilizing in actual production. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average transverse diameter, lateral diameter, longitudinal diameter, shell thickness and kernel yield of 25 excellent walnut trees were 34.31 mm, 31.08 mm, 34.39 mm, 1.76 mm and 50.58 mm, respectively. The average oil yield is 67.69. Most of the excellent walnut nuts are easy to peel and taste good. (2) the average content of 5 fatty acids detected is from high to low: linoleic acid linolenic acid palmitic acid stearic acid. The contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid are stable, while oleic acid and linolenic acid are unstable. Walnut oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids account for the majority. (3) the weight of walnut, three paths, kernel yield, oil yield, kernel fullness, nucleolus plumpness, nucleolus color and linoleic acid are important indexes to evaluate the quality of walnut. The best nut quality were No. 2 (Daying No. 1 Aries), No. 17 (No.1 Jiashi Street), No. 10 (No.3 Yuafang Lianxing), No. 13 (No. 1 Wangdao Guitang) and No. 15 (Huatang No. 1); The worst quality were No. 4 (group 4), No. 5 (Da'an Dawan No. 1) and No. 7 (Da'an Peach 1). Daping No. 1 of Aries, No.1 of Street of Jia City, No. 3 of Yuafang Lianxing, No. 1 of Wangdao Road of Guitang and No. 1 of Huatang in the future can be used as candidate single plant for comprehensive evaluation of yield and resistance to stress and selection of breeding. The results provide a reference for the selection and breeding of fine individual plants of walnut. (4) the average value of element content of each fine individual plant from high to low is as follows: KPMgCaNaMnZnCuFe. The average content of potassium is 7121.340 渭 g / g, the average content of phosphorus is 3582.477 渭 g / g, the average content of magnesium is 1636.486 渭 g / g, the average content of calcium is 436.508 渭 g / g, the average content of sodium is 147.004 渭 g / g, the average content of manganese is 32.454 渭 g / g. The average content of zinc is 23.019 渭 g / g, copper is 13.482 渭 g / g, iron is 12.479 渭 g / g. The variation coefficient of each element is very big, the biggest difference is calcium element, and the least difference is magnesium element. (5) there is no correlation between most elements, and the content of sodium may be related to calcium, manganese and copper content. The amount of mineral elements basically does not represent the superiority of nuts.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S664.1
，
本文编号：2389301
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