施肥对黄秋葵生产性状及其黄酮含量的影响研究
发布时间：2018-12-31 15:43
【摘要】：黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L)是一年生的草本植物,营养丰富,以食用嫩荚为主,具食、药和饲用等多种用途,近年来作为保健绿色蔬菜风靡全球。本试验研究以黄秋葵新东京五号品种为材料,进行了不同施肥处理对黄秋葵生长发育、生产性状、果实产量、黄酮含量、主要营养元素在茎、叶、果中的分布和土壤中的残效分析及活性成分黄酮不同提取方法提取条件的优化研究。结果表明:1、不同施肥处理对黄秋葵生长发育和产量的影响。N、P、K肥料单施及配合施对黄秋葵的生育期、株高、产量构成因素、产量等性状都有不同程度的影响。施肥处理和对照相比,N、P肥单独施用增产效果都不显著,当N+P+K肥配合施用时才有显著的增产效果,果实产量达32663.5kg/hm2,增产24.1%,主要表现为植株长势健壮、单株果荚数增多和单个果荚重的提高。2、氮、磷、钾在茎秆、叶片和果实中的分布趋势。N素在果实中分布最多,其次是叶片;K素主要集中在果实中,其次是茎秆;P素在茎秆、叶片、果实中分布都较少。N素在茎秆、叶片和果实中的含量分别为24.2g/kg、16.5g/kg和8.4g/kg;P素在茎秆、叶片和果实中的含量分别为1.3g/kg、2.96g/kg和4.1g/kg,K素在茎秆、叶片、果实中的含量分别为11.7g/kg、5.4g/kg、25.6g/kg。3、不同施肥处理的土壤中氮磷钾残效分析。在不同施肥处理的黄秋葵收获后,土壤的速效K含量高于速效N含量,速效P含量最低。在5种施肥处理中,单施K肥的处理土壤速效N含量最高,单施N肥的处理土壤速效P含量最高,单施K肥的处理速效N和K含量最高,与N+P+K配合施用的处理和对照差异显著;而N肥处理对土壤速效氮无显著影响,其原因可能在于施肥一方面刺激了土壤微生物的活性;另一方面植物快速生长消耗了土壤无机氮,导致土壤速效氮并没有增加。4、超声波与水浴回流两种方法的提取条件优化研究。超声波法与水浴回流法的乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间对提取的黄酮含量均有显著影响。超声波提取的最佳条件为乙醇浓度80%、提取温度70℃、提取时间1.5h,黄酮含量为12.57mg/g。水浴回流提取的最佳条件为乙醇浓度80%、提取温度80℃、提取时间1.5h,黄酮含量为12.16mg/g,两种方法提取的黄酮含量差异不显著,但超声波法提取温度低,操作简便,适宜黄秋葵果实中黄酮的提取。5、不同施肥处理对黄秋葵花、果实和种子中黄酮含量的影响。经超声波法提取,黄秋葵各器官的黄酮含量趋势是:花的平均含量为22.26mg/g种子15.40mg/g果实13.01mg/g。在5个施肥处理中,单施P肥处理的花中黄酮含量最高,为25.63mg/g以N+P+K配合施用处理的果实和种子中黄酮含量最高,分别为15.23mg/g和17.32mg/g。本文为生产上黄秋葵高效优质栽培过程中施肥方案的制定及其黄酮提取方法的研究提供实践指导和理论参考依据。
[Abstract]:(Abelmoschus esculentus L) is an annual herbaceous plant with rich nutrition, mainly edible pods, food, medicine and forage and so on. In recent years, as a healthy green vegetable, it is popular all over the world. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and development, production characters, fruit yield, flavonoids content, main nutrient elements in stems and leaves of Okra New Tokyo No. 5. The distribution of fruit and the analysis of residual effect in soil and the optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids were studied. The results showed that: 1. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, development and yield of Okra were studied. Compared with the control, the effect of applying nongp fertilizer alone on yield increase was not significant. When N P K fertilizer was applied in combination, the yield of fruit reached 32663.5 kg / hm ~ (2) and increased by 24.1 kg / hm ~ (2). The number of pods per plant increased and the weight of single fruit pod increased. 2. The distribution trend of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stem, leaf and fruit. K was mainly concentrated in fruit, followed by stem, P was less distributed in stem, leaf and fruit. The contents of N in stem, leaf and fruit were 24.2g / kg 16.5g / kg and 8.4 g / kg, respectively. The contents of P in stem, leaf and fruit were 1.3g / kg 2.96g / kg and 4.1 g / kg / kg respectively. The contents of P in stem, leaf and fruit were 11.7g / kg 5.4g / kg and 25.6g / kg 路3, respectively. Analysis of residual effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different fertilization treatments. The available K content of the soil was higher than that of the available N content, and the available P content was the lowest. Among the five fertilization treatments, the soil available N content was the highest in single K fertilizer application, the highest in soil available P content in single N fertilizer application, and the highest in single K fertilizer treatment. There was a significant difference between the treatment and the control in combination with N P K. However, N fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on soil available nitrogen, which may be due to the fact that fertilization stimulated soil microbial activity on the one hand. On the other hand, the rapid growth of plants consumed soil inorganic nitrogen, resulting in no increase of soil available nitrogen. 4. The extraction conditions of ultrasonic and water bath reflux were optimized. The concentration of ethanol, extraction temperature and extraction time of ultrasonic method and water bath reflux method had significant effects on the content of flavonoids extracted. The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction were: ethanol concentration 80, extraction temperature 70 鈩，
本文编号：2396787
[Abstract]:(Abelmoschus esculentus L) is an annual herbaceous plant with rich nutrition, mainly edible pods, food, medicine and forage and so on. In recent years, as a healthy green vegetable, it is popular all over the world. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and development, production characters, fruit yield, flavonoids content, main nutrient elements in stems and leaves of Okra New Tokyo No. 5. The distribution of fruit and the analysis of residual effect in soil and the optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids were studied. The results showed that: 1. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, development and yield of Okra were studied. Compared with the control, the effect of applying nongp fertilizer alone on yield increase was not significant. When N P K fertilizer was applied in combination, the yield of fruit reached 32663.5 kg / hm ~ (2) and increased by 24.1 kg / hm ~ (2). The number of pods per plant increased and the weight of single fruit pod increased. 2. The distribution trend of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stem, leaf and fruit. K was mainly concentrated in fruit, followed by stem, P was less distributed in stem, leaf and fruit. The contents of N in stem, leaf and fruit were 24.2g / kg 16.5g / kg and 8.4 g / kg, respectively. The contents of P in stem, leaf and fruit were 1.3g / kg 2.96g / kg and 4.1 g / kg / kg respectively. The contents of P in stem, leaf and fruit were 11.7g / kg 5.4g / kg and 25.6g / kg 路3, respectively. Analysis of residual effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different fertilization treatments. The available K content of the soil was higher than that of the available N content, and the available P content was the lowest. Among the five fertilization treatments, the soil available N content was the highest in single K fertilizer application, the highest in soil available P content in single N fertilizer application, and the highest in single K fertilizer treatment. There was a significant difference between the treatment and the control in combination with N P K. However, N fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on soil available nitrogen, which may be due to the fact that fertilization stimulated soil microbial activity on the one hand. On the other hand, the rapid growth of plants consumed soil inorganic nitrogen, resulting in no increase of soil available nitrogen. 4. The extraction conditions of ultrasonic and water bath reflux were optimized. The concentration of ethanol, extraction temperature and extraction time of ultrasonic method and water bath reflux method had significant effects on the content of flavonoids extracted. The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction were: ethanol concentration 80, extraction temperature 70 鈩，
本文编号：2396787
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