典型网箱养殖鱼类游泳能力及动力学研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 08:28

【摘要】：本文对大黄鱼、美国红鱼和黑鲷在游泳能力及其动力学相关过程进行研究,分别测量了大黄鱼幼鱼与1龄鱼的续航游泳能力,大黄鱼幼鱼与1龄鱼的临界游泳速度,黑鲷的游泳能力和黑鲷的临界游泳能力,美国红鱼的游泳能力和临界游泳能力及其不同温度对其续航游泳时间的影响,最后,又针对以上三种鱼的流体力学特性进行研究。最后得到的主要结果有:大黄鱼幼鱼在设置流速为45 cm/s下的平均续航游泳时间只有12 min,而在30 cm/s流速下的平均续航游泳时间可达到142.5min。对于1龄鱼,在60cm/s流速下的平均续航游泳时间为22 min,在45 cm/s流速下的平均续航游泳时间达到了401 min。大黄鱼幼鱼的平均临界游泳速度为39.85 cm/s;1龄大黄鱼的临界游泳速度为50.02 cm/s。黑鲷在80cm/s的流速条件下,五条试验鱼平均游泳时间约92min;黑鲷的续航游泳时间与游泳流速呈幂函数递减关系。采用幂函数进行拟合得以下公式:= 10.127.;黑鲷的平均临界游泳速度为44.51cm/s,小于同为纺锤形鱼类的美国红鱼和大黄鱼。美国红鱼具有较强的游泳能力,即使水流速度高达100cm/s时,美国红鱼的平均持续游泳时间亦可长达约120min(2小时左右)。美国红鱼的续航游泳能力与流速呈现幂函数递减关系(R2=0.944),拟合公式如下:=64.78.;美国红鱼的平均临界游泳速度同样很高,为101.07cm/s;水温对美国红鱼的续航游泳时间影响显著,在8°C时,美国红鱼的续航游泳时间只有43min,而在18°C时,续航游泳时间增长到108min,此后随着温度的增加,续航游泳时间递减,当水温到达26°C时,美国红鱼续航游泳时间基本是18°C的一半。类似的重量条件下,黑鲷要比美国红鱼和大黄鱼有更大的横截面积,但是它们三者的水阻力系数却相差无几,因此,从动力学角度出发,在游泳过程中,相同重量的黑鲷要比美国红鱼和大黄鱼有着更大的水阻力,消耗更多的体能。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the swimming ability and dynamics of large yellow croaker, American red fish and black bream were studied. The swimming ability of juvenile and first instar fish of large yellow croaker and the critical swimming speed of juvenile large yellow croaker and first instar fish were measured respectively. The swimming ability of black bream and the critical swimming ability of black bream, the swimming ability and critical swimming ability of American red fish and the influence of different temperatures on their swimming time were studied. Finally, the hydrodynamic characteristics of these three species of fish were studied. The main results were as follows: the average swimming time of juvenile Pseudosciaena Crocea was only 12 min, at 45 cm/s and 142.5 min at 30 cm/s. For the first instar fish, the average swimming time at 60cm/s velocity was 22 min, and the average swimming time at 45 cm/s velocity was 401 min.. The average critical swimming speed of juvenile large yellow croaker is 39.85 cm/s;1. The critical swimming speed of yellow croaker is 50.02 cm/s.. Under the condition of 80cm/s velocity, the average swimming time of five test fish was about 92 mins, and the relationship between swimming time and swimming velocity was power function decreasing. The power function was used to fit the following formula: = 10.127.The average critical swimming velocity of black sea bream was 44.51 cm / s, which was smaller than that of American red fish and large yellow croaker. American red fish have strong swimming ability, even if the flow speed is as high as 100cm/s, the average swimming time of American red fish can be up to about 120min (about 2 hours). The relationship between the swimming ability and the velocity of the red fish in the United States is reduced by power function (R20.9044). The fitting formula is as follows: = 64.78. The average critical swimming speed of the red fish in the United States is also very high, which is 101.07cm / s; The effect of water temperature on the swimming time of American red fish was significant. At 8 掳C, the swimming time of American red fish was only 43 min, while at 18 掳C, the swimming time increased to 108 min, and then decreased with the increase of temperature. When the water temperature reached 26 掳C, the swimming time of American red fish was half that of 18 掳C. Under similar weight conditions, the black bream has a larger cross-sectional area than the American red fish and the large yellow croaker, but their water resistance coefficients are almost the same, so, from a dynamic point of view, in the swimming process, The same weight of black bream has greater water resistance than American red fish and large yellow croaker and consumes more energy.
【学位授予单位】：浙江海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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