水氮耦合对春玉米苗期生长、氮肥利用和根系空间分布的影响
发布时间：2019-03-22 17:01
【摘要】：东北地区是我国重要的玉米生产基地,种植面积和产量在2015年分别占据全国的31.6%和34.5%。由于东北春玉米生产中自然降雨是土壤水分的主要来源,因此降水不足导致的干旱是影响春玉米生产的首要生态逆境因子,并且在世界许多地区干旱也严重限制产量。合理施氮和适量灌水对春玉米干旱胁迫下生长和产量有显著的促进效果,但水氮对春玉米生长和根系分布的影响及其耦合效应还少有研究,为此本研究通过盆栽试验,设置四个水分梯度模拟大田条件下重度干旱,轻度干旱,水分适中和过量水分(相对土壤含水量30%,50%,70%和90%分别记为W0、W1、W2和W3),和三个施氮量(0、0.12、0.24g N/kg干土分别记为N0、N1和N2),研究不同水分和氮素组合条件春玉米苗期生长、氮素利用与根系的三维空间分布的变化。明确水分和氮素对春玉米苗期生长、氮素利用和根系空间分布的影响及其耦合效应,得到以下结果:(1)水分和氮素显著影响玉米生长和氮素吸收,缺氮干旱处理玉米长势最差,株高、茎粗、绿叶数、SPAD分别为60.4cm、19.7mm、5.5和28.8;随着土壤水分和施氮量的增加,各项指标呈上升趋势;植株干重、氮素吸收量随水分和施氮量提高逐渐增长,施氮处理显著大于不施氮处理,其中W2条件下干重的施氮增幅最为显著,N1和N2处理增幅分别达131.4%和116.6%;氮肥利用效率上,均以N1处理均大于N2处理;不同施氮量条件下,各水分处理之间氮肥的表观利用率和农学利用率趋势一致,均为W2W3W1W0。(2)相同水分条件下,N0处理根长和根干重均在土壤下层分布较多,其中W0和W1处理下半层根长占总根长最多,达60%和60.9%,是W3N1处理下半层根长所占比例的两倍之多;W0条件下,N0处理玉米的总根长和总表面积最大,分别为1220.5m和0.75m2,而后随施氮量增加逐渐下降,根系总干重和总体积W0和W1处理均表现为N1处理条件下最高,而W2和W3条件下N0处理的各项指标则明显低于N1和N2处理。说明干旱和缺氮条件促进了玉米根系伸长增粗,从而增加根系的总长度和总表面积。(3)同一水分条件下N0处理的玉米根长密度,表面积密度和干重密度在土壤纵向上分布在表层的数量和比例较N1、N2处理明显偏少,而纵向上中、下层的数量和分布比例则明显较高,且横向上分布相对更为均衡。尤其是W0和W1条件下,缺氮处理根长在土壤深层的增加更为明显,而水分和氮素充足处理的根长在表层的分布明显更多。由此可见干旱条件下适量施氮或在施氮量一定的条件下适量提高土壤水分可促进玉米的生长发育,有利于玉米对养分的吸收和利用。本试验中推荐W2N1组合为最佳,在实际生产中,应考虑到水氮的耦合效应,兼顾考虑水分和施氮量的配合施用,从而进一步提高产量。
[Abstract]:Northeast China is an important corn production base in China. The planting area and yield accounted for 31.6% and 34.5% of the country's corn production in 2015, respectively. Because natural rainfall is the main source of soil moisture in spring maize production in Northeast China, drought caused by insufficient precipitation is the primary ecological adversity factor affecting spring maize production, and drought in many parts of the world also seriously limits the yield. Rational nitrogen application and proper irrigation had significant effects on the growth and yield of spring maize under drought stress, but the effects of water and nitrogen on the growth and root distribution of spring maize and their coupling effects were rarely studied. Therefore, the pot experiment was carried out in this study, and the effects of water and nitrogen on the growth and root distribution of spring maize were studied by pot experiment. Set four water gradients to simulate severe drought, mild drought, moderate water content and excess moisture (30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of soil moisture, respectively, as W0, W1, W2 and W3) under field conditions. And three nitrogen rates (0, 0.12,0.24g N/kg dry soil were recorded as N _ 0, N _ 1 and N _ 2 respectively) to study the three-dimensional spatial distribution of nitrogen use and root system in spring maize under different water and nitrogen combination conditions at seedling stage. The effects and coupling effects of water and nitrogen on the growth, nitrogen use and root spatial distribution of spring maize at seedling stage were studied. The results were as follows: (1) Water and nitrogen significantly affected maize growth and nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen deficiency and drought treatment had the worst growth, plant height, stem diameter, green leaf number, SPAD were 60.4 cm, 19.7 mm, 5.5 and 28.8, respectively. With the increase of soil moisture and nitrogen application, the indexes showed an upward trend. The plant dry weight and nitrogen uptake increased gradually with the increase of water and nitrogen application, and the N application rate was significantly higher than that of the non-N treatment. Under the condition of W _ 2, the increase of N application was the most significant, and that of N _ 1 and N _ 2 treatment was 131.4% and 116.6%, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of N _ 1 treatment was higher than that of N _ 2 treatment. Under different nitrogen application rates, the apparent nitrogen utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of each water treatment were the same, all of which were W _ 2W _ 3W _ 1W _ 0. (2) under the same water condition, the root length and root dry weight of N _ 0 treatment were more distributed in the lower layer of soil. The root length of lower half layer in W0 and W1 treatments accounted for 60% and 60.9% of the total root length, which was twice the proportion of lower half layer root length in W3N1 treatment, and the root length of lower half layer in W0 and W1 treatments was higher than that in W0 and W1 treatments. Under the condition of W0, the total root length and total surface area of maize treated with N0 were 1220.5m and 0.75m2, respectively, and then decreased gradually with the increase of nitrogen application, and the total root dry weight and total volume W0 and W1 showed the highest value under N1 treatment. Under the conditions of W _ 2 and W _ 3, the indexes of N _ 0 treatment were significantly lower than those of N _ 1 and N _ 2 treatments. The results showed that drought and nitrogen deficiency promoted the root elongation and coarsening of maize roots, thus increasing the total root length and total surface area. (3) under the same water condition, the root length density of maize treated with N _ 0 was increased. The number and proportion of surface area density and dry weight density distributed in the surface layer in longitudinal direction were higher than that in N _ 1, and the N _ 2 treatment was obviously less than that in N _ 2 treatment, while in longitudinal, the quantity and distribution ratio of lower layer were obviously higher than that of N _ 1, and the horizontal distribution was more balanced than that of N _ 1. Especially under the conditions of W0 and W1, the root length of nitrogen deficiency treatment increased more obviously in the deep layer of soil, while the root length of water and nitrogen sufficient treatment increased more obviously in the surface layer. It can be seen that the growth and development of maize can be promoted by applying appropriate amount of nitrogen or increasing soil moisture under the condition of a certain amount of nitrogen application, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrients in maize. In this experiment, the best combination of W2N1 is recommended. In practical production, the coupling effect of water and nitrogen should be taken into account, and the combination of water and nitrogen application should be taken into account, so as to further improve the yield.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513
本文编号：2445765
[Abstract]:Northeast China is an important corn production base in China. The planting area and yield accounted for 31.6% and 34.5% of the country's corn production in 2015, respectively. Because natural rainfall is the main source of soil moisture in spring maize production in Northeast China, drought caused by insufficient precipitation is the primary ecological adversity factor affecting spring maize production, and drought in many parts of the world also seriously limits the yield. Rational nitrogen application and proper irrigation had significant effects on the growth and yield of spring maize under drought stress, but the effects of water and nitrogen on the growth and root distribution of spring maize and their coupling effects were rarely studied. Therefore, the pot experiment was carried out in this study, and the effects of water and nitrogen on the growth and root distribution of spring maize were studied by pot experiment. Set four water gradients to simulate severe drought, mild drought, moderate water content and excess moisture (30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of soil moisture, respectively, as W0, W1, W2 and W3) under field conditions. And three nitrogen rates (0, 0.12,0.24g N/kg dry soil were recorded as N _ 0, N _ 1 and N _ 2 respectively) to study the three-dimensional spatial distribution of nitrogen use and root system in spring maize under different water and nitrogen combination conditions at seedling stage. The effects and coupling effects of water and nitrogen on the growth, nitrogen use and root spatial distribution of spring maize at seedling stage were studied. The results were as follows: (1) Water and nitrogen significantly affected maize growth and nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen deficiency and drought treatment had the worst growth, plant height, stem diameter, green leaf number, SPAD were 60.4 cm, 19.7 mm, 5.5 and 28.8, respectively. With the increase of soil moisture and nitrogen application, the indexes showed an upward trend. The plant dry weight and nitrogen uptake increased gradually with the increase of water and nitrogen application, and the N application rate was significantly higher than that of the non-N treatment. Under the condition of W _ 2, the increase of N application was the most significant, and that of N _ 1 and N _ 2 treatment was 131.4% and 116.6%, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of N _ 1 treatment was higher than that of N _ 2 treatment. Under different nitrogen application rates, the apparent nitrogen utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of each water treatment were the same, all of which were W _ 2W _ 3W _ 1W _ 0. (2) under the same water condition, the root length and root dry weight of N _ 0 treatment were more distributed in the lower layer of soil. The root length of lower half layer in W0 and W1 treatments accounted for 60% and 60.9% of the total root length, which was twice the proportion of lower half layer root length in W3N1 treatment, and the root length of lower half layer in W0 and W1 treatments was higher than that in W0 and W1 treatments. Under the condition of W0, the total root length and total surface area of maize treated with N0 were 1220.5m and 0.75m2, respectively, and then decreased gradually with the increase of nitrogen application, and the total root dry weight and total volume W0 and W1 showed the highest value under N1 treatment. Under the conditions of W _ 2 and W _ 3, the indexes of N _ 0 treatment were significantly lower than those of N _ 1 and N _ 2 treatments. The results showed that drought and nitrogen deficiency promoted the root elongation and coarsening of maize roots, thus increasing the total root length and total surface area. (3) under the same water condition, the root length density of maize treated with N _ 0 was increased. The number and proportion of surface area density and dry weight density distributed in the surface layer in longitudinal direction were higher than that in N _ 1, and the N _ 2 treatment was obviously less than that in N _ 2 treatment, while in longitudinal, the quantity and distribution ratio of lower layer were obviously higher than that of N _ 1, and the horizontal distribution was more balanced than that of N _ 1. Especially under the conditions of W0 and W1, the root length of nitrogen deficiency treatment increased more obviously in the deep layer of soil, while the root length of water and nitrogen sufficient treatment increased more obviously in the surface layer. It can be seen that the growth and development of maize can be promoted by applying appropriate amount of nitrogen or increasing soil moisture under the condition of a certain amount of nitrogen application, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrients in maize. In this experiment, the best combination of W2N1 is recommended. In practical production, the coupling effect of water and nitrogen should be taken into account, and the combination of water and nitrogen application should be taken into account, so as to further improve the yield.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 LIN Li-rong;HE Yang-bo;CHEN Jia-zhou;;The inf luence of soil drying- and tillage-induced penetration resistance on maize root growth in a clayey soil[J];Journal of Integrative Agriculture;2016年05期
2 王新兵;侯海鹏;周宝元;孙雪芳;马玮;赵明;;条带深松对不同密度玉米群体根系空间分布的调节效应[J];作物学报;2014年12期
3 蔡红光;袁静超;闫孝贡;刘剑钊;张秀芝;张洪喜;魏雯雯;任军;;不同灌溉方式对春玉米根系分布、养分累积及产量的影响[J];玉米科学;2014年04期
4 温立玉;宋希云;刘树堂;;水肥耦合对夏玉米不同生育期叶面指数和生物量的影响[J];中国农学通报;2014年21期
5 马存金;刘鹏;赵秉强;张善平;冯海娟;赵杰;杨今胜;董树亭;张吉旺;赵斌;;施氮量对不同氮效率玉米品种根系时空分布及氮素吸收的调控[J];植物营养与肥料学报;2014年04期
6 张淑杰;张玉书;孙龙_g;纪瑞鹏;蔡福;武晋雯;李广霞;;东北地区玉米生育期干旱分布特征及其成因分析[J];中国农业气象;2013年03期
7 王艳哲;刘秀位;孙宏勇;张喜英;张连蕊;;水氮调控对冬小麦根冠比和水分利用效率的影响研究[J];中国生态农业学报;2013年03期
8 张喜英;;提高农田水分利用效率的调控机制[J];中国生态农业学报;2013年01期
9 韩长赋;;玉米论略[J];农业经济问题;2012年06期
10 ;Root Morphology and Physiology in Relation to the Yield Formation of Rice[J];Journal of Integrative Agriculture;2012年06期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 王敬锋;水氮耦合对不同基因型夏玉米根系特性和氮、水利用的影响[D];山东农业大学;2011年
，本文编号：2445765
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2445765.html
