基质培薄皮甜瓜和辣椒营养液供液量与供液频率研究

发布时间：2019-03-26 19:37

【摘要】：本试验采用基质培的栽培方式,研究了营养液不同供液量与供液频率对日光温室夏秋茬薄皮甜瓜、冬春茬辣椒生长发育、果实品质、果实产量以及水分利用效率的影响,以确定适宜的供液量与供液频率,从而在实际生产中为经济、高效地进行水肥管理以获得高产、优质甜瓜、辣椒提供科学依据和理论指导。本研究结果如下:1营养液不同供液量与供液频率对基质培夏秋茬薄皮甜瓜生长发育的影响(1)不同处理对甜瓜的生育期产生影响,W1T2处理甜瓜生育期最短,较W2、W3处理分别提前了 8天、11天。增加供液量与供液频率,甜瓜的株高、茎粗均有增大的趋势。(2)与供液量W1处理相比,供液量为W2、W3时,甜瓜叶片的SOD、POD和CAT活性均增加。增加供液量与供液频率促进甜瓜光合作用能力的提高。(3)供液频率为T2时甜瓜果形指数最均匀,W3时有最大单果重;W2T3处理果肉厚度最厚;W1T1处理中心可溶性固形物含量最高为11.4%,与W3T3处理相比提高了 17.5%。W1T2处理的水分利用效率最高,为23.16kg·m-3。(4)综上所述,在实际生产中,夏秋茬基质培薄皮甜瓜时应以供液量为W1处理,供液频率为每天供液1次或2次最好。即甜瓜在营养生长期营养液供液量为每天每株500 ml,在开花结果期营养液供液量为每天每株1000 ml,供液频率为每天1次或2次。2营养液不同供液量与供液频率对基质培冬春茬辣椒生长发育的影响(1)不同处理对辣椒株高、茎粗产生显著性影响;W3T2处理辣椒株高最高,与W1T1处理相比,提高了 18.41%,W3T3处理辣椒的茎粗为23.62mm,显著高于其他各处理。净光合速率表现为:W3W2W1,相同供液量不同供液频率之间无显著性差异。(2)W3T2处理辣椒叶片电导率最大;W1T2处理POD酶活性最高,脯氨酸含量也最高为249.95 ug/g。供液量为W2时,辣椒根系活力最好,W3T1处理总根表面积最大为754.54 cm3,其次为W3T2处理。(3)W3T3处理有最大单果重,为93.5 g,与W1T1处理相比,单果重提高了 18.35%;供液量为W2时,可以提高辣椒的营养品质。W3T2处理辣椒产量最高,为282.150 kg,与W1T1处理相比产量提高了 58.03%。各处理间的WUE相差很小。(4)综上所述,在冬春茬基质培辣椒时,苗期供液量为每株每天500 ml,开花坐果期每株每天1000 ml,结果期每株每天1500 ml;整个生育期每天供液频率为3次,即W3T2处理为本试验条件下最佳的供液量与供液频率。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the effects of different supply amount and frequency of nutrient solution on the growth, fruit quality, fruit yield and water use efficiency of thin muskmelon in summer and autumn and pepper in winter and spring in solar greenhouse were studied by means of substrate culture, and the effects of different amount and frequency of nutrient solution on the growth and development, fruit quality, fruit yield and water use efficiency were studied. In order to determine the appropriate amount of liquid supply and the frequency of liquid supply, so as to provide a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for economic and efficient management of water and fertilizer in order to obtain high yield, high quality melon and pepper in practical production. The results were as follows: (1) the effects of different amount and frequency of nutrient solution on the growth and development of muskmelon (1) the effect of different treatments on the growth period of muskmelon (1) the growth period of muskmelon treated with W1T2 was the shortest, which was shorter than that of W2, W3 treatment was advanced by 8 days and 11 days respectively. The plant height and stem diameter of muskmelon increased with the increase of supply and frequency. (2) compared with W1, the activity of SOD,POD and CAT in muskmelon leaves increased with W3 and W2, and the activity of W3 in muskmelon leaves was significantly higher than that in W1 treatment (P < 0.01), but the activity of W3 in muskmelon leaves was higher than that in W1. (3) the fruit shape index of muskmelon was the most uniform when the supply frequency was T _ 2, and the maximum single fruit weight was at W _ 3, the thickness of pulp was the thickest when treated with W2T3, the pulp thickness was the thickest when the water supply frequency was T _ 2, and the weight per fruit was the highest at W _ 3. The content of soluble solids in W1T1 treatment center was 11.4%. Compared with W3T3 treatment, 17.5%.W1T2 treatment had the highest water use efficiency, which was 23.16kg 路m-3. (4) to sum up, in the actual production, the water use efficiency of 17.5%.W1T2 treatment was higher than that of 23.16kg 路m-3. (4). Medium culture of muskmelon in summer and autumn should be treated with W _ (1), and the frequency of water supply should be one or two times a day. That is, during the vegetative growth period, the amount of nutrient solution supplied by melon is 500 ml, per plant per day and 1000 ml, per plant per day during the flowering and fruiting period. (2) the effects of different amount and frequency of nutrient solution on the growth and development of pepper in winter and spring stubble were studied. (1) the plant height and stem diameter of pepper were significantly affected by different treatments. The plant height of W3T2 treatment was the highest, which was 18.41% higher than that of W1T1 treatment. The stem diameter of W3T3 treatment was 23.62 mm, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The net photosynthetic rate was as follows: W3W2W1, there was no significant difference between different frequencies of the same liquid supply. (2) W3T2 treatment had the highest conductivity of pepper leaves, W1T2 treatment had the highest POD activity and proline content was also the highest 249.95 ug/g.. The maximum root surface area of W3T1 treatment was 754.54 cm3, followed by W3T2 treatment. (3) W3T3 treatment had the maximum single fruit weight of 93.5 g, which was 18.35% higher than that of W1T1 treatment. The yield of pepper treated with W _ 3T _ 2 was the highest, and the yield was increased by 58.03% compared with W1T1 treatment for 282.150 kg, when the amount of water supplied was W _ 2. The yield of pepper treated with W _ 3T _ 2 was increased by 58.03%. The difference of WUE among the treatments was very small. (4) to sum up, in winter and spring, when culturing capsicum in the medium of winter and spring, the amount of water supply at seedling stage was 1000 ml, per plant per day in flowering and fruit setting stage, and 1500 ml; per plant per day in fruiting period of 1000 ml, per plant per day. The frequency of liquid supply during the whole growth period was 3 times a day, that is, W3T2 treatment was the best quantity and frequency of liquid supply under the condition of this experiment.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S652;S641.3

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