蚕蛹油在吉富罗非鱼饲料中的应用研究

发布时间：2019-05-24 12:57

【摘要】：蚕蛹油中不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为61.5%,富含淡水鱼类的必需脂肪酸α-亚麻酸(C18:3n-3),且C18:3n-3可在淡水鱼体内衍生为高不饱和脂肪酸中的EPA(C20:5n-3)和DHA(C22:6n-3),是水产饲料中极具潜力的油源。为探究蚕蛹油在吉富罗非鱼饲料中应用的可行性,展开了以下两方面的研究:1.蚕蛹油等7种油脂对吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成及脂质代谢影响的比较饲料中分别添加5.0%的蚕蛹油(SPO)、海水鱼油(MFO)、罗非鱼油(TO)、猪油(PL)、鸡油(CO)、亚麻籽油(LO)和大豆油(SO),配制成7种等氮等脂试验饲料,饲喂初始均重为(47.51±0.52)g的试验鱼。每个处理设置3个重复,每个重复放鱼20尾,进行56 d的养殖试验。结果显示:罗非鱼终末均重、增重率和特定生长率均为LO和SO组显著高于SPO和MFO组,与TO、PL和CO组差异不显著。饲料系数SPO组显著高于除MFO组外的其余各组,而蛋白质效率与之相反。摄食量SPO组最低,SO组最高。TO组罗非鱼脏体比、体长/体高和腹脂率均为最低,而肥满度最高。肝体比PL组显著高于除LO组外的其他各组。腹脂率MFO组显著高于除CO组外的其余各组。同其他组相比,SPO可降低罗非鱼全鱼、组织粗脂肪及血清甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;MFO可降低全鱼粗脂肪的含量和提高肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性;PL组罗非鱼血清TG和总胆固醇(TC)含量均较低,而肝脏肉碱脂酰转移酶-I(CPT-I)和ACC活性均较高;CO组血清TG、TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量和谷草转氨酶活性均为最高;LO和SO可显著提高罗非鱼对饲料脂肪的沉积率和全鱼、肌肉粗脂肪的含量,SO还可显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和降低LDL-C、TC的含量;SPO、LO和SO可分别显著提高罗非鱼肌肉中高不饱和脂肪酸、α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的含量。研究表明,SPO作为吉富罗非鱼饲料的单一脂肪源,虽会影响其生长性能,但具有降体脂、血脂和血糖,保护鱼体健康和优化肌肉脂肪酸组成等优点。2.蚕蛹油和大豆油组合对吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成及脂质代谢的影响试验以蚕蛹油和大豆油为脂肪源,总添加水平为5%,配置成5种等氮等脂的试验饲料。蚕蛹油(大豆油)添加水平依次为5%(0%)、3.75%(1.25%)、2.5%(2.5%)、1.25%(3.75%)和0%(5%),分别命名为SPO、SPO:SO 3:1、SPO:SO 2:2、SPO:SO1:3和SO。饲喂初始均重为(48.07±0.23)g的吉富罗非鱼。每个处理设置3个重复,每个重复放鱼20尾,进行56 d的养殖试验。结果显示:随着蚕蛹油比例的不断上升和大豆油比例的不断下降,吉富罗非鱼末均重、增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和摄食量均呈先上升后下降再稳定的趋势,都在SPO:SO 3:1组达到最大值,SPO组达到最小值,饲料系数正好与之相反;体长/体高、肠脂系数呈先上升后下降的趋势,脏体比、肝体比和肥满度各组间差异不显著;全鱼、肝脏和肌肉粗脂肪均呈先上升后稳定的趋势,全鱼粗灰分呈先上升后下降再稳定的趋势,全鱼水分呈先下降后稳定的趋势,而肝脏水分则无规律;罗非鱼对饲料中干物质、蛋白质和灰分的沉积率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,脂肪沉积率呈先上升后稳定的趋势;吉富罗非鱼肌肉中亚油酸含量呈上升趋势,α-亚麻酸和高不饱和脂肪酸含量呈下降趋势;吉富罗非鱼血清TG不断升高,HDL-C与CPT-I呈先上升后下降的趋势,且均在蚕蛹油:大豆油2:2组表现为最大值。LDL-C、ACC和GPT呈先下降后上升的趋势,且均在蚕蛹油:大豆油3:1组出现最小值,MDA和碱性磷酸酶均呈先上升后下降趋势。综上所述,蚕蛹油与大豆油的组合中蚕蛹油占50%~75%时,对提高吉富罗非鱼生长性能,促进鱼体对饲料干物质、蛋白质和矿物质的沉积效率,保护鱼体健康等效果最佳。
[Abstract]:The relative content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the sericulture oil is 61.5%, and the essential fatty acid-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3) rich in the freshwater fish is rich in the essential fatty acid-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3), and the C18: 3n-3 can be derived into the EPA (C20: 5n-3) and the DHA (C22: 6n-3) in the high-unsaturated fatty acid in the freshwater fish body, and is an oil source with great potential in the water-producing feed. In order to study the feasibility of the application of the sericulture oil in the feed of the tilapia mossambica, the following two aspects were studied:1. 7 kinds of oil, such as silkworm pupa oil, were added with 5.0% of silkworm pupa oil (SPO), seawater fish oil (MFO), tilapia oil (TO), lard (PL), chicken oil (CO), flaxseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), respectively, to the comparison feed of the growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of the tilapia. The experimental fish with the initial weight of (47.51-0.52) g were fed into 7 kinds of equal-fat test feed, such as nitrogen and the like. Three replicates were set for each process, and 20 tail of each of the replicates was repeated, and a culture test of 56d was performed. The results showed that the terminal weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of the tilapia were significantly higher than that of the SPO and MFO groups, and the difference between the terminal weight, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the tilapia was significantly higher than that of the SPO and MFO groups. The feed coefficient SPO group was significantly higher than the other groups except the MFO group, and the protein efficiency was the opposite. The food consumption was the lowest in the SPO group and the highest in the SO group. The body length/ body height and the abdominal fat rate were the lowest in the TO group, and the fatness was the highest. The liver volume was significantly higher in the PL group than in the other groups except the LO group. The abdominal fat rate MFO group was significantly higher than the other groups except the CO group. Compared with the other groups, the SPO can reduce the content of the whole fish, the crude fat and the serum triglyceride (TG), the glucose and the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tilapia, and the MFO can reduce the crude fat content of the whole fish and improve the activity of the liver B-type coenzyme A (ACC); The contents of serum TG and total cholesterol (TC) were lower in group PL, and the contents of serum TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase were the highest in CO group. The LO and SO can obviously improve the deposition rate of the feed fat and the content of the whole fish and the muscle in the tilapia, and the SO can also remarkably improve the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduce the content of the LDL-C and the TC; and the SPO, the LO and the SO can obviously improve the high unsaturated fatty acid in the tilapia muscle, The content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid. The results show that SPO can be used as a single fat source for the feed of tilapia mossambica, although it can affect its growth performance, but it has the advantages of reducing body fat, blood fat and blood sugar, protecting the health of fish body and optimizing the composition of muscle fatty acid. The effects of the combination of sericulture oil and soybean oil on the growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of the tilapia were studied. The addition level of the sericulture oil (soybean oil) was 5% (0%), 3.75% (1.25%), 2.5% (2.5%), 1.25% (3.75%) and 0% (5%), respectively, named SPO, SPO: SO 3:1, SPO: SO 2:2, SPO: SO1:3 and SO. The initial weight of the feed was (48.07-0.23) g of the tilapia. Three replicates were set for each process, and 20 tail of each of the replicates was repeated, and a culture test of 56d was performed. The results showed that with the rising of the proportion of the sericulture oil and the decrease of the proportion of the soybean oil, the final weight, the weight gain, the specific growth rate, the protein efficiency and the food consumption of the tilapia were all the same. In the SPO group, the minimum value and the feed coefficient were the opposite; the body length/ body height and the intestinal fat coefficient decreased after the first rise, and the difference between the body weight ratio, the liver body ratio and the fat filling degree was not significant; the whole fish, the liver and the muscle crude fat had a stable tendency after the first rise, The crude ash of the whole fish has a tendency of falling and restable after the first rising, and the water in the whole fish is stable after the first drop, while the water in the liver is not regular; the deposition rate of the dry matter, the protein and the ash in the feed of the tilapia is increased after the first rise, The content of linoleic acid in the muscle of the tilapia is increasing, and the content of the linoleic acid and the high unsaturated fatty acid in the muscle of the tilapia is decreasing. The serum TG of the tilapia is increasing, and the levels of HDL-C and CPT-I decrease after the first rise, and are all in the oil of the silkworm. The soybean oil 2:2 group showed a maximum value. LDL-C, ACC and GPT tended to decrease in the first time, and all were in the sericulture oil: soybean oil 3:1, the minimum value, and the decrease of MDA and alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, when the silkworm pupa oil accounts for 50 to 75 percent of the combination of the sericulture oil and the soybean oil, the growth performance of the tilapia is improved, the fish body can be used for improving the deposition efficiency of the feed dry matter, the protein and the minerals, and protecting the health of the fish body and the like.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S965.125

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