贵州省桐梓县野生长裙竹荪适生生境调查研究

发布时间：2019-05-27 19:36

【摘要】：长裙竹荪,口味鲜美,是著名的珍贵食用菌之一。对减肥、防癌、降血压、美白等均具有明显疗效。贵州省桐梓县气候显著适宜众多具有特色的资源生长繁殖,民族地区野生长裙竹荪资源丰富。但近年来受自然气候环境、人类活动的影响,民族民间生态系统和传统文化也发生了相应改变,特别是近年来伴随市场经济的迅速发展对民族传统文化的改变和所带来的环境污染问题,以及大量的竹林不断被砍伐,野生长裙竹荪赖以生存的环境遭到严重破坏,野生长裙竹荪资源在逐渐减少。生物的适生生境包括自然环境和微观环境,文章用民族学田野调查研究方法对贵州省桐梓县民族民间地区野生长裙竹荪的生长环境、认知情况、医药方面使用情况及长裙竹荪减少原因进行了调查;同时,采集同一片竹林中有竹荪生长和没有竹荪生长的土壤,用化学、分子生物学等专业研究方法对微生物多样性进行研究,对比民间调查以及化学、分子生物方法的耦合度,为进一步探索长裙竹荪适生生境及竹荪种质资源的保护提供科学依据。据调查,在竹荪的认知和使用方面,民族民间年纪稍长的民众对野生竹荪的认知度较高,而年轻人对竹荪的了解就比较少;在适生生境方面,长裙竹荪多在春、夏季节生长,生长地较为湿润、阴暗、腐烂竹叶多;在长裙竹荪减少原因方面,由于文化变迁、环境污染、森林破坏等问题,竹荪所依赖的生存环境遭到破坏,野生竹荪数量不断下降。目前,对于长裙竹荪适生生境土壤微生物研究未见报道,基于桐梓县野生长裙竹荪资源的不断减少,有必要对微观环境进行分析研究。本文从桐梓县水坝塘镇采集土壤样品,采用PCR-DGGE法,以16S rRNA和ITS序列为标靶,通过高通量序列技术分析土壤中微生物群落多样性。根据结果分析,长裙竹荪根际土壤和无竹荪生长的土壤中微生物群落结构存在较大差异,长裙竹荪根际土壤中丰富的粉褶蕈属、小菇属真菌和肠杆菌属细菌可能有利于竹荪生长。通过田野调查和科学研究对比发现,民众对长裙竹荪适生生境的认知与化学、分子生物学研究对竹荪适生生境的研究结果存在很高的耦合度,这为贵州桐梓地区野生长裙竹荪适生生境的研究和为竹荪种质资源的有效保护和合理利用提供科学依据。同时,本文从多方面分析贵州桐梓民族民间野生长裙竹荪种质资源减少的原因,并总结了适宜野生长裙竹荪的生长环境。结合野生竹荪的适生生境,就竹荪资源乃至生物多样性保护提出如下两个方面的建议:一是加大宣传力度,提升民族民间生物多样性保护意识;二是加大竹荪遗传资源保护力度,实行补救方案。
[Abstract]:Dictyophora longskirt, delicious taste, is one of the famous precious edible fungi. It has obvious curative effect on weight loss, cancer prevention, blood pressure lowering, whitening and so on. The climate of Tongzi County in Guizhou Province is significantly suitable for the growth and reproduction of many characteristic resources, and the wild Phyllostachys pubescens resources in ethnic areas are rich. However, in recent years, due to the influence of natural climate and environment and human activities, the national folk ecosystem and traditional culture have also changed accordingly. In particular, with the rapid development of the market economy in recent years, the changes of national traditional culture and the environmental pollution caused by the rapid development of the market economy, as well as the continuous deforestation of a large number of bamboo forests, the environment on which the wild Dictyophora lives has been seriously damaged. The resources of wild Phyllostachys pubescens are gradually decreasing. The suitable habitat of organisms includes natural environment and microenvironment. This paper uses the method of ethnographic field investigation to study the growth environment and cognition of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province. The medical use and the reasons for the reduction of Dictyophora longskirt were investigated. At the same time, the soil with and without the growth of Dictyophora in the same bamboo forest was collected, and the microbial diversity was studied by chemical, molecular biology and other professional research methods, and the coupling degree of chemical and molecular biological methods was compared. It provides a scientific basis for further exploration of the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima and the protection of the germline resources of Phyllostachys pubescens. According to the survey, in terms of cognition and use of Dictyophora, the older people of ethnic groups have a higher degree of recognition of wild Dictyophora, while the young people know less about Dictyophora. In the aspect of suitable habitat, Dictyophora longissima mostly grows in spring and summer, and the growing land is more humid, dark and rotting bamboo leaves. In terms of the reasons for the reduction of Dictyophora longskirt, due to cultural changes, environmental pollution, forest destruction and other problems, the living environment on which Dictyophora depends has been destroyed, and the number of wild Dictyophora has been declining. At present, there is no report on the study of soil microorganisms in the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima. Based on the continuous reduction of the resources of wild Dictyophora longissima in Tongzi County, it is necessary to analyze and study the microenvironment. In this paper, soil samples were collected from Shuiba Tang Town, Tongzi County, and the diversity of microbial communities in soil was analyzed by high throughput sequence technique with 16s rRNA and ITS sequences as targets by PCR-DGGE method. According to the results, there was a great difference in the microbial community structure between the rhizosphere soil of Dictyophora longissima and the soil without the growth of Dictyophora longifolium, and the genus Phyllostachys pubescens was rich in the rhizosphere soil of Dictyophora longifolia. Pleurotus fungi and Enterobacillus bacteria may be beneficial to the growth of Dictyophora. Through field investigation and scientific research, it is found that there is a high degree of coupling between the public's cognition and chemistry of the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima and the results of molecular biology research on the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima. This provides a scientific basis for the study of the suitable habitat of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi area of Guizhou Province and for the effective protection and rational utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens germplasm resources. At the same time, this paper analyzes the reasons for the decrease of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi nationality of Guizhou Province from many aspects, and summarizes the suitable growth environment of wild Dictyophora longissima. Combined with the suitable habitat of wild Phyllostachys pubescens, this paper puts forward the following two suggestions on the conservation of resources and biodiversity of Dictyophora sinensis: first, to strengthen publicity and enhance the awareness of biodiversity conservation among ethnic and folk populations; The second is to strengthen the protection of genetic resources of Dictyophora and carry out remedial programs.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S646.8

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